Aryabhata is widely regarded as the father of Indian mathematics due to his significant contributions to the field, including the development of the decimal system and the concept of zero.

Brahmagupta is credited with discovering the Fibonacci sequence and providing a formula for calculating its terms.

Lilavati is a treatise on mathematics written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century. It covers topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and astronomy.

Srinivasa Ramanujan was a brilliant Indian mathematician who made significant contributions to number theory and modular arithmetic. He is known for his discovery of the Ramanujan prime and the Ramanujan theta function.

The SIR model is a compartmental model used to describe the dynamics of infectious diseases in a population. It divides the population into three compartments: susceptible, infected, and recovered.

K-means clustering is a widely used data science technique for clustering similar data points together. It works by dividing the data into a specified number of clusters, where each cluster is represented by a centroid.

Linear regression is a data science algorithm used for predicting continuous values. It fits a linear model to the data, where the output is a linear combination of the input features.

Decision trees are a data science technique used for classifying data points into different categories. They work by recursively splitting the data into smaller subsets based on the values of the input features.

Isolation forest is a data science algorithm used for detecting anomalies in data. It works by isolating data points that are significantly different from the rest of the data.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a data science technique used for reducing the dimensionality of data. It works by identifying the principal components of the data, which are the directions of maximum variance.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a data science algorithm used for generating synthetic data. They work by training two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, to compete against each other.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a data science technique used for extracting insights from unstructured text data. It involves tasks such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and machine translation.

Collaborative filtering is a data science algorithm used for recommending products or services to users. It works by finding users with similar preferences and recommending items that they have liked in the past.

Anomaly detection is a data science technique used for detecting fraud in financial transactions. It works by identifying transactions that are significantly different from the rest of the data.

Operations research is a data science algorithm used for optimizing business processes. It involves the use of mathematical models and techniques to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations.