Filtration is a physical process that removes suspended solids and turbidity from water by passing it through a porous medium that traps the contaminants.

Disinfection is a critical step in water treatment to eliminate harmful microorganisms that can cause contamination and spoilage in food and beverage products.

Reverse osmosis uses a semipermeable membrane to remove dissolved solids, impurities, and contaminants from water by applying pressure to force water molecules through the membrane.

Activated carbon is commonly used to adsorb and remove organic contaminants, pesticides, and other undesirable compounds from water.

Ion exchange is a process that utilizes a resin to exchange ions with the water, removing specific contaminants and replacing them with desirable ions.

Adjusting pH levels is important to optimize the taste and odor of water, as well as to prevent corrosion in pipes and equipment.

Filtration is a physical process that utilizes a physical barrier, such as a membrane or filter, to separate microorganisms from water.

Deionization is a process that removes dissolved solids, including minerals and salts, from water by utilizing ion exchange resins.

Disinfection using ultraviolet light is a common method to eliminate microorganisms by exposing them to high-energy ultraviolet radiation.

Softening water is important to prevent scale formation in pipes, equipment, and appliances, which can lead to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs.

Oxidation is a chemical process that utilizes oxidizing agents, such as chlorine or ozone, to oxidize and remove contaminants from water.

Degasification is a process that removes dissolved gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, from water to improve taste, odor, and prevent corrosion.

Adsorption is a process that involves the removal of specific contaminants from water through their attachment to the surface of a solid adsorbent material.

Coagulation and flocculation are processes that involve the addition of chemicals to water to form larger particles, which can then be more easily removed through sedimentation or filtration.

Reverse osmosis utilizes a semipermeable membrane to separate dissolved solids and impurities from water based on their molecular size, allowing water molecules to pass through while retaining larger molecules and contaminants.