CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that utilizes a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 protein to a specific DNA sequence, allowing for precise modifications.

Transcription factors play a crucial role in genetic engineering by regulating gene expression, controlling the production of specific proteins.

Transgenesis is a genetic engineering technique where genetic material is transferred from one organism to another, resulting in the expression of foreign genes in the recipient organism.

Stem cells are utilized in tissue engineering primarily for their ability to differentiate into various cell types, facilitating the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues.

Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are gene editing tools that utilize zinc finger proteins to bind to specific DNA sequences and induce targeted modifications.

Genetic engineering in tissue engineering aims to modify the genetic material of cells or tissues to improve their functionality, enhance tissue regeneration, or introduce specific therapeutic effects.

Gene therapy utilizes viral vectors as delivery vehicles to introduce genetic material into cells, aiming to correct genetic defects or provide therapeutic benefits.

Scaffolds in tissue engineering provide structural support and guidance for cell growth and tissue regeneration, mimicking the extracellular matrix of natural tissues.

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are gene editing tools that utilize engineered DNA-binding domains to target and modify specific DNA sequences.

Genetic engineering in tissue engineering allows for precise control over cellular functions, enabling the modification of specific genes or pathways to enhance tissue regeneration or introduce therapeutic effects.

RNA interference (RNAi) utilizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target and silence specific gene expression, regulating the production of specific proteins.

Growth factors play a crucial role in tissue engineering by stimulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, promoting the formation of new tissues.

Base editing is a gene editing technique that combines CRISPR-Cas9 with engineered enzymes to directly convert one DNA base to another, enabling precise modifications without introducing double-strand breaks.

A major challenge associated with using viral vectors in gene therapy is the potential activation of the immune response, which can lead to vector rejection or adverse effects.

Gene drives are genetic engineering techniques that utilize engineered genetic elements to bias inheritance in favor of a specific allele, enabling the spread of genetic modifications through a population.