Gradient Descent is an iterative optimization algorithm that finds the minimum of a function by repeatedly moving in the direction of the negative gradient, which is the direction of steepest descent.

In engineering design, optimization typically aims to maximize performance metrics such as efficiency, speed, or accuracy, while considering constraints such as cost, size, and safety.

Integer Programming is a branch of optimization that deals with problems where the decision variables are restricted to integer values. It is commonly used to solve combinatorial optimization problems, where the search space is discrete and finding the optimal solution is computationally challenging.

An optimal control system aims to determine the control inputs that minimize a cost function while satisfying system constraints. The goal is to achieve the desired output behavior, such as stability, tracking performance, or disturbance rejection.

Wavelet Transform is a signal processing technique that decomposes a signal into a set of wavelet coefficients, which represent the signal's frequency and time information. It is widely used for noise reduction, feature extraction, and image compression.

Constraint Satisfaction refers to the process of finding a solution that satisfies all the constraints imposed on the optimization problem. It is a crucial step in optimization, as it ensures that the solution is feasible and meets the specified requirements.

Particle Swarm Optimization is a population-based optimization algorithm inspired by the social behavior of bird flocks. It is particularly effective for solving large-scale optimization problems with many decision variables, as it can efficiently explore the search space and converge to a near-optimal solution.

Feedback Control refers to the process of using the output of a system to adjust the control inputs in order to achieve a desired output behavior. Feedback control systems are widely used in engineering applications to regulate and stabilize various processes.

Branch and Bound is a widely used optimization technique for solving mixed-integer linear programming problems. It works by recursively partitioning the feasible region into smaller subregions and systematically exploring them to find the optimal solution.

Parameter Estimation is the process of determining the values of the parameters of a signal model that best fit the observed data. It is a fundamental step in signal processing, as it allows for the characterization and analysis of the signal.

Sequential Quadratic Programming is an iterative optimization algorithm that solves nonlinear optimization problems by approximating the objective function and constraints as quadratic functions at each iteration. It is widely used for solving complex optimization problems in engineering design, control, and signal processing.

Optimization refers to the process of finding the best possible solution among a set of feasible solutions. It involves finding the values of the decision variables that minimize or maximize the objective function while satisfying the constraints.

Discrete Cosine Transform is a signal processing technique that transforms an image into a set of coefficients, which represent the image's frequency components. It is widely used for image compression and denoising, as it allows for efficient representation and removal of redundant information.

Control System Design refers to the process of designing a controller that ensures stability and desired performance of a system. It involves selecting the appropriate controller structure, tuning the controller parameters, and analyzing the system's response to various inputs and disturbances.

Simulated Annealing is an optimization algorithm inspired by the process of annealing in metallurgy. It is known for its ability to find globally optimal solutions, even in the presence of multiple local optima. Simulated Annealing works by gradually reducing the temperature of a hypothetical system, allowing it to escape from local optima and explore the search space more effectively.