Aryabhata is considered the father of Indian astronomy due to his significant contributions to the field in the 5th century CE.

Aryabhata proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Sun is at the center and the planets revolve around it.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Surya Siddhanta', which is considered one of the most important works in Indian astronomy.

Brahmagupta developed the concept of zero and introduced it into the Indian number system.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Lilavati', which covers various topics including arithmetic, algebra, and geometry.

Aryabhata calculated the value of pi to four decimal places, which was a significant achievement in ancient astronomy.

Bhaskara II conducted extensive studies on planetary motion and proposed the concept of elliptical orbits, which was later confirmed by Kepler.

Varahamihira developed a method for calculating the time of eclipses, which was a significant contribution to astronomy and timekeeping.

Brahmagupta wrote the astronomical treatise 'Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta', which covers topics such as astronomy, mathematics, and astrology.

Varahamihira developed the concept of the zodiac and the twelve signs, which are widely used in astrology and astronomy.

Bhaskara II conducted extensive studies in spherical astronomy and developed trigonometric functions, which are essential in various fields of mathematics and astronomy.

Varahamihira proposed the idea of a geocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth is at the center and the planets revolve around it.

Aryabhata conducted studies on the precession of the equinoxes and calculated the Earth's circumference, which was a remarkable achievement in ancient astronomy.

Varahamihira developed the concept of the nine planets (navagrahas) and their influence on human life, which is a significant aspect of Indian astrology.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Panchasiddhantika', which is a compilation of five astronomical texts from different schools of thought.