Coral polyps are tiny marine invertebrates that secrete calcium carbonate to form their skeletons, which accumulate over time to create coral reefs.

Atolls are circular coral reefs that form around a sunken volcanic island or seamount, creating a lagoon in the center.

Coral polyps and photosynthetic algae engage in a mutualistic relationship, where the algae provide the coral with nutrients through photosynthesis, while the coral provides the algae with a protected environment.

Coral reefs face multiple threats, including overfishing, climate change-induced ocean acidification and warming, and pollution from various sources.

Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the photosynthetic algae living in their tissues, causing them to lose their color and become more susceptible to stress and disease.

Octopuses possess remarkable camouflage abilities, allowing them to change their color and texture to match their surroundings, making them difficult to spot by predators and prey alike.

The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 2,300 kilometers and supporting a diverse array of marine life.

Fringing reefs are narrow coral reefs that grow directly from the shoreline and extend seaward, forming a continuous barrier along the coast.

Coral spawning is a synchronized reproductive event where large numbers of corals release their eggs and sperm into the water column, increasing the chances of fertilization and the formation of new coral colonies.

Clownfish have a unique symbiotic relationship with sea anemones, where they live among the anemone's stinging tentacles, providing protection from predators in exchange for food scraps and cleaning services.

Coral growth refers to the natural process by which coral colonies increase in size and complexity over time, forming intricate structures and providing habitat for various marine organisms.

Patch reefs are isolated coral structures that rise from the seafloor, forming distinct mounds or pinnacles, often providing habitat for a variety of marine life.

Coral fragmentation occurs when pieces of coral break off from existing colonies due to natural forces or human activities, and these fragments can then develop into new colonies.

Clownfish have the unique ability to change their sex from male to female and vice versa, depending on the social structure and reproductive needs of their colony.