Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the concept of zero in the 7th century.

Aryabhatiya is a seminal work by Aryabhata that covers various topics in mathematics, astronomy, and astrology.

Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, developed the Fibonacci sequence in the 12th century.

Lilavati is a mathematical treatise written by Lilavati, the daughter of Bhaskara II, in the 12th century.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a self-taught Indian mathematician, made significant contributions to number theory and Diophantine equations in the early 20th century.

Mahalanobis distance is a statistical method developed by P. C. Mahalanobis in the 1930s for data analysis and decision-making.

R. A. Fisher, a British statistician, developed the concept of the discriminant in discriminant analysis.

BIRCH (Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies) is a data mining algorithm developed by T. Zhang, R. Ramakrishnan, and M. Livny in the 1990s for clustering data points.

Srinivasa Varadhan, an Indian-American mathematician, made significant contributions to the theory of large deviations in the 1960s and 1970s.

Neyman-Pearson lemma is a statistical method developed by Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson in the 1930s for hypothesis testing.

C. R. Rao, an Indian statistician, made significant contributions to the theory of probability in the 20th century.

Chi-squared test is a statistical method developed by Karl Pearson in the early 20th century for analyzing contingency tables.

R. A. Fisher, a British statistician, made significant contributions to the theory of estimation in the 20th century.

Box-Jenkins method is a statistical method developed by George Box and Gwilym Jenkins in the 1970s for analyzing time series data.

Narayana Pandita, an Indian mathematician, made significant contributions to the theory of optimization in the 14th century.