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Genetic Engineering in Medicine: Treating Diseases at the Genetic Level

Description: Genetic Engineering in Medicine: Treating Diseases at the Genetic Level
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: genetic engineering medicine genetics biotechnology
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What is the primary goal of genetic engineering in medicine?

  1. To alter the genetic makeup of organisms to treat diseases.

  2. To create new organisms with desired traits.

  3. To study the genetic basis of diseases.

  4. To develop new drugs and vaccines.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genetic engineering in medicine aims to modify the genetic material of living organisms, including humans, to correct genetic defects or introduce new genetic material to treat diseases.

Which technique is commonly used to modify the genetic material of organisms?

  1. Gene editing

  2. Genetic recombination

  3. Gene therapy

  4. DNA sequencing


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, allow scientists to precisely modify the DNA sequence of organisms, including correcting genetic defects or introducing new genetic material.

What is the primary application of gene therapy in medicine?

  1. Treating genetic disorders

  2. Developing new drugs

  3. Creating genetically modified organisms

  4. Studying the genetic basis of diseases


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene therapy involves introducing genetic material into cells to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes or introducing new genes to provide missing functions.

Which disease is commonly treated using gene therapy?

  1. Cystic fibrosis

  2. Cancer

  3. HIV/AIDS

  4. Alzheimer's disease


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic disorders treated using gene therapy, aiming to correct the defective gene responsible for the disease.

What is the main challenge associated with gene therapy?

  1. Ethical concerns

  2. Technical limitations

  3. Cost-effectiveness

  4. Safety issues


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Technical limitations, such as the efficient delivery of genetic material to target cells and the potential for off-target effects, pose challenges in the development and application of gene therapy.

Which type of genetic engineering involves modifying the genetic material of plants?

  1. Gene editing

  2. Genetic recombination

  3. Gene therapy

  4. Transgenesis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Transgenesis involves introducing foreign genetic material into the genome of plants to confer new traits or enhance existing ones.

What is the purpose of genetically modified crops?

  1. Increased resistance to pests and diseases

  2. Improved nutritional value

  3. Enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Genetically modified crops are engineered to possess desirable traits such as increased resistance to pests and diseases, improved nutritional value, and enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses.

Which ethical concern is often raised regarding genetic engineering in medicine?

  1. Potential for unintended consequences

  2. Access to genetic engineering technologies

  3. Equity in the distribution of benefits

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering in medicine include the potential for unintended consequences, equitable access to technologies, and ensuring fair distribution of benefits.

What is the role of regulatory agencies in genetic engineering?

  1. Assessing the safety and efficacy of genetic engineering products

  2. Developing guidelines for the use of genetic engineering technologies

  3. Monitoring the environmental impact of genetically modified organisms

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in assessing the safety and efficacy of genetic engineering products, developing guidelines for their use, and monitoring the environmental impact of genetically modified organisms.

Which international agreement governs the transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms?

  1. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

  2. The Kyoto Protocol

  3. The Paris Agreement

  4. The Montreal Protocol


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement that regulates the transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms, aiming to ensure their safe handling and use.

What is the primary goal of genetic engineering in agriculture?

  1. To improve crop yield and quality

  2. To create genetically modified animals

  3. To develop new drugs and vaccines

  4. To study the genetic basis of diseases


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genetic engineering in agriculture aims to improve crop yield and quality by introducing desirable traits such as resistance to pests and diseases, enhanced nutritional value, and tolerance to environmental stresses.

Which genetically modified crop is widely cultivated for its resistance to pests?

  1. Bt cotton

  2. Golden rice

  3. Roundup Ready soybeans

  4. Arctic apples


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bt cotton is a genetically modified crop that has been engineered to express a protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, providing resistance to certain insect pests.

What is the main concern associated with genetically modified crops?

  1. Potential for allergenicity

  2. Gene transfer to wild plants

  3. Impact on non-target organisms

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Concerns regarding genetically modified crops include the potential for allergenicity, gene transfer to wild plants, and unintended impacts on non-target organisms.

Which technology allows for the precise editing of DNA sequences?

  1. Gene editing

  2. Genetic recombination

  3. Gene therapy

  4. DNA sequencing


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable precise modifications to DNA sequences, allowing scientists to correct genetic defects or introduce new genetic material.

What is the primary application of gene editing in medicine?

  1. Treating genetic disorders

  2. Developing new drugs

  3. Creating genetically modified organisms

  4. Studying the genetic basis of diseases


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene editing in medicine is primarily used to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes or introducing new genes to provide missing functions.

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