Genetic engineering in medicine aims to modify the genetic material of living organisms, including humans, to correct genetic defects or introduce new genetic material to treat diseases.

Gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, allow scientists to precisely modify the DNA sequence of organisms, including correcting genetic defects or introducing new genetic material.

Gene therapy involves introducing genetic material into cells to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes or introducing new genes to provide missing functions.

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic disorders treated using gene therapy, aiming to correct the defective gene responsible for the disease.

Technical limitations, such as the efficient delivery of genetic material to target cells and the potential for off-target effects, pose challenges in the development and application of gene therapy.

Transgenesis involves introducing foreign genetic material into the genome of plants to confer new traits or enhance existing ones.

Genetically modified crops are engineered to possess desirable traits such as increased resistance to pests and diseases, improved nutritional value, and enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses.

Ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering in medicine include the potential for unintended consequences, equitable access to technologies, and ensuring fair distribution of benefits.

Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in assessing the safety and efficacy of genetic engineering products, developing guidelines for their use, and monitoring the environmental impact of genetically modified organisms.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement that regulates the transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms, aiming to ensure their safe handling and use.

Genetic engineering in agriculture aims to improve crop yield and quality by introducing desirable traits such as resistance to pests and diseases, enhanced nutritional value, and tolerance to environmental stresses.

Bt cotton is a genetically modified crop that has been engineered to express a protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, providing resistance to certain insect pests.

Concerns regarding genetically modified crops include the potential for allergenicity, gene transfer to wild plants, and unintended impacts on non-target organisms.

Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable precise modifications to DNA sequences, allowing scientists to correct genetic defects or introduce new genetic material.

Gene editing in medicine is primarily used to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes or introducing new genes to provide missing functions.