Social Class Theory posits that individuals' positions in the social hierarchy, such as their class, income, and education, significantly influence their health outcomes.

The Political Economy of Health Theory examines how political power and economic forces interact to shape health policies and influence health outcomes.

Health Disparities refer to the unequal distribution of health outcomes and access to healthcare resources among different population groups, often due to factors like race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location.

The Cultural Theory of Health explores how cultural beliefs, values, and practices influence health behaviors, perceptions of illness, and access to healthcare.

Social Capital Theory suggests that social networks and social support can positively influence health outcomes by providing resources, emotional support, and access to information and services.

The Social Determinants of Health Theory examines how social factors, such as income, education, housing, and access to healthcare, influence health outcomes.

Social Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups in society based on factors like wealth, power, and status, which can lead to unequal access to resources and health outcomes.

The Political Process Theory examines how political institutions, policies, and decision-making processes influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

State Theory explores how the state's policies, interventions, and regulations can influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

Conflict Theory examines how social inequality and power dynamics influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

Spatial Epidemiology studies the geographical distribution of health outcomes and diseases, examining how factors like environmental conditions, access to healthcare, and socioeconomic disparities contribute to health variations across regions.

Neo-Marxist Theory explores how economic structures, class relations, and capitalism influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

Discourse Theory examines how language, narratives, and representations shape health policies, practices, and understandings of health and illness.

Feminist Theory explores how gender roles, power dynamics, and social norms influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities refer to the unequal distribution of health outcomes and access to healthcare resources among different racial and ethnic groups, often due to factors like discrimination, racism, and historical injustices.