Deforestation is not a primary environmental impact of mining and quarrying, but it can be a secondary impact resulting from the clearing of land for mining operations.

Dust is the primary source of air pollution from mining and quarrying activities, as it is generated during the extraction, processing, and transportation of minerals.

Nutrients are not typically associated with water pollution from mining and quarrying, as they are not commonly found in the minerals being extracted.

Heavy metals are the primary cause of soil contamination from mining and quarrying activities, as they are often present in the minerals being extracted and can leach into the soil.

Climate change is not a direct ecological impact of mining and quarrying, but it can be an indirect impact due to the release of greenhouse gases during mining and quarrying operations.

Dust suppression is the primary method for mitigating air pollution from mining and quarrying activities, as it involves controlling the generation and dispersion of dust.

Revegetation is not a common method for mitigating water pollution from mining and quarrying, as it is primarily used to control erosion and improve soil stability.

Capping and containment is the primary method for mitigating soil contamination from mining and quarrying activities, as it involves isolating the contaminated soil from the environment.

Carbon offsetting is not a common method for mitigating ecological impacts of mining and quarrying, as it does not directly address the ecological damage caused by these activities.

Compliance with environmental regulations is the primary responsibility of mining and quarrying companies in mitigating environmental impacts, as it ensures that they operate within legal limits.

Mining and quarrying companies are not key stakeholders in the management of environmental impacts from mining and quarrying, as they are the primary source of these impacts.

Setting environmental regulations is the primary role of government agencies in managing environmental impacts from mining and quarrying, as it establishes the legal framework for these activities.

Lack of public awareness is not a common challenge in managing environmental impacts from mining and quarrying, as these impacts are often highly visible and attract public attention.

Minimizing environmental impacts is the primary goal of sustainable mining and quarrying practices, as it aims to reduce the negative effects of these activities on the environment.