The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.

Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas because it does not absorb infrared radiation, which is the main mechanism by which greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

Global warming refers specifically to the increase in average global temperatures over time, while climate change encompasses both global warming and its effects on the Earth's climate system.

Industrial activities, such as manufacturing and mining, are the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 24% of global emissions.

Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the effects of climate change, while adaptation refers to measures taken to adjust to the impacts of climate change.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity, particularly in regions that are already prone to droughts or floods.

Resilience refers to the ability of ecosystems to withstand and recover from disturbances, including those caused by climate change.

Environmental security encompasses a range of issues related to the protection of the environment and natural resources, while military strength is not directly related to environmental security.

Environmental mainstreaming refers to the process of integrating environmental considerations into all aspects of decision-making, including policy-making, planning, and budgeting.

Public apathy is not a key challenge in addressing climate change and environmental security, as there is growing public awareness and concern about these issues.

Adaptation refers to measures taken to adjust to the impacts of climate change, such as building seawalls to protect coastal communities from rising sea levels.

While addressing climate change and environmental security can lead to a number of benefits, reducing air pollution is not directly related to these issues.

Resilience refers to the ability of a society to withstand and recover from environmental shocks and stresses, such as natural disasters or climate change.

Technological advancement is not a key element of sustainable development, as it can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment and society.

Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce the environmental impact of human activities, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions or conserving natural resources.