Touch pollution is caused by the discharge of industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and sewage into water bodies.

Touch pollution decreases the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, which can lead to fish kills and other aquatic life problems.

Touch pollution can cause skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory problems, and other health problems.

Touch pollution can be prevented by reducing industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and sewage discharge.

Dams and irrigation projects can have a number of environmental impacts, including habitat loss, water pollution, and climate change.

Dams and irrigation projects can contribute to habitat loss by fragmenting aquatic habitats, inundating terrestrial habitats, and altering flow regimes.

Dams and irrigation projects can contribute to water pollution by increasing sediment loads, nutrient loads, and toxic chemical loads.

Dams and irrigation projects can contribute to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases, altering regional climate patterns, and contributing to deforestation.

Dams and irrigation projects can have a number of social and economic impacts, including displacement of people, loss of livelihoods, and increased poverty.

The environmental impacts of dams and irrigation projects can be mitigated by implementing environmental impact assessments, using sustainable construction methods, and restoring and protecting natural habitats.

The social and economic impacts of dams and irrigation projects can be mitigated by providing compensation to displaced people, creating new livelihood opportunities, and investing in social infrastructure.

There are a number of challenges to mitigating the environmental and social impacts of dams and irrigation projects, including cost, political will, and technical feasibility.

There are a number of opportunities for mitigating the environmental and social impacts of dams and irrigation projects, including international cooperation, public participation, and technological innovation.

Stakeholders can play a vital role in mitigating the environmental and social impacts of dams and irrigation projects by providing input into the planning and design of projects, monitoring the construction and operation of projects, and holding project developers accountable for their actions.

Governments can play a vital role in mitigating the environmental and social impacts of dams and irrigation projects by setting environmental and social standards for projects, providing financial and technical assistance to project developers, and enforcing environmental and social regulations.