Manufactured goods are not natural resources as they are created by humans through industrial processes, unlike oil, water, and minerals, which occur naturally.

The process of converting natural resources into usable products involves extraction, processing, and manufacturing. Extraction involves removing the resource from its natural environment, processing involves refining or modifying the resource, and manufacturing involves creating finished products from the processed resource.

Oil is commonly known as 'black gold' due to its high economic value and its importance as a global commodity. It is a non-renewable resource that is used as a primary energy source and in the production of various products.

Peak oil refers to the point in time when global oil production reaches its maximum rate and begins to decline. It is a significant concept in energy economics and has implications for energy security and sustainability.

Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose.

Resource extraction refers to the process of removing natural resources from the Earth, including mining, drilling, logging, and harvesting. It is the first step in the process of utilizing natural resources for economic and societal purposes.

Lithium, cobalt, and nickel are all important natural resources used in the production of batteries and electronics. Lithium is used in lithium-ion batteries, cobalt is used in cathodes, and nickel is used in both cathodes and anodes.

Sustainable development is a concept that aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. It recognizes the need to use natural resources responsibly and ensure that economic activities do not harm the environment or deplete resources for future generations.

Limestone, sand, and gravel are all natural resources used in the production of cement and concrete. Limestone is the primary ingredient in cement, sand is used as an aggregate, and gravel is used as a coarse aggregate.

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are natural resources formed from the remains of ancient organisms that have been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years.

Silica, alumina, and soda ash are all natural resources used in the production of glass and ceramics. Silica is the primary component of glass, alumina is used to increase the strength and durability of glass, and soda ash is used to lower the melting point of glass.

Energy conversion, energy generation, and energy production all refer to the process of transforming natural resources, such as fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and nuclear energy sources, into usable forms of energy.

Iron ore, coal, and limestone are all natural resources used in the production of steel. Iron ore is the primary ingredient in steel, coal is used as a fuel in the steelmaking process, and limestone is used to remove impurities from the molten steel.

Renewable energy refers to energy sources that can be replenished naturally on a human timescale, such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, and geothermal energy.

Wood, water, and chemicals are all natural resources used in the production of paper and cardboard. Wood is the primary raw material, water is used in the pulping process, and chemicals are used to bleach and strengthen the paper.