Personality is not a factor that directly influences leisure participation patterns. It may, however, influence an individual's choice of leisure activities.

Studies have shown that men generally have more leisure time than women, due to factors such as the gendered division of labor and social expectations.

The term 'double burden' refers to the situation where women experience a disproportionate share of unpaid domestic labor, which can limit their leisure time and opportunities.

Watching sports is often considered a gendered leisure activity, as it is traditionally associated with masculinity and male socialization.

The term 'gendered leisure' refers to the idea that leisure activities are shaped by and reflect gender norms and expectations.

While encouraging women to participate in traditionally male-dominated leisure activities can be a positive step, it is not sufficient to address the underlying gender inequalities that shape leisure participation patterns.

The term 'leisure subversion' refers to the idea that leisure activities can be used to challenge and disrupt gender norms and expectations.

All of the options provided are examples of leisure subversion, as they challenge traditional gender roles and expectations associated with leisure activities.

The term 'leisure empowerment' refers to the idea that leisure activities can empower individuals and communities to challenge social inequalities and work towards personal and social transformation.

All of the options provided are examples of leisure empowerment, as they demonstrate how leisure activities can be used to empower individuals and communities.