Critical geography is a branch of geography that examines the relationship between power, ideology, and the spatial organization of society. It seeks to understand how power relations are embedded in the landscape and how they shape the lives of people.

Social justice is a central concept in critical geography. Critical geographers argue that the spatial organization of society is often unjust and that this injustice can be traced back to the unequal distribution of power and resources.

Spatial scale in critical geography refers to the relationship between different geographic areas and how they are connected to each other. Critical geographers argue that spatial scale is not neutral and that it can be used to create and maintain power relations.

Place in critical geography is understood as a physical location, a social and cultural context, and a site of power relations. Critical geographers argue that place is not simply a neutral container for human activity, but rather a dynamic and contested space that is shaped by power relations.

Landscape in critical geography is understood as a combination of natural and cultural environments. Critical geographers argue that landscape is not simply a passive backdrop for human activity, but rather an active agent that shapes the lives of people.

Power in critical geography is understood as the ability to control others, influence others, and make decisions. Critical geographers argue that power is not simply a property of individuals or institutions, but rather a social relation that is produced and reproduced through everyday interactions.

Ideology in critical geography is understood as a system of beliefs, values, and ways of thinking about the world. Critical geographers argue that ideology is not simply a neutral framework for understanding the world, but rather a powerful tool that can be used to justify and maintain power relations.

Discourse in critical geography is understood as a way of talking about, representing, and constructing the world. Critical geographers argue that discourse is not simply a neutral medium for communication, but rather a powerful tool that can be used to shape the way people think about the world and their place in it.

Representation in critical geography is understood as the way in which something is depicted, understood, and valued. Critical geographers argue that representation is not simply a neutral process, but rather a powerful tool that can be used to shape the way people think about the world and their place in it.

Identity in critical geography is understood as the way in which an individual or group defines itself, is defined by others, and is positioned in society. Critical geographers argue that identity is not simply a fixed and stable category, but rather a fluid and contested concept that is constantly being negotiated and renegotiated.

Difference in critical geography is understood as the way in which individuals or groups are different from each other, are treated differently from each other, and are valued differently from each other. Critical geographers argue that difference is not simply a neutral category, but rather a powerful tool that can be used to justify and maintain power relations.

Social justice in critical geography is understood as the fair and equitable distribution of resources, the equal treatment of all people, and the recognition and respect for difference. Critical geographers argue that social justice is not simply an ideal, but rather a goal that can be achieved through collective action.

Environmental justice in critical geography is understood as the fair and equitable distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, the equal protection of all people from environmental hazards, and the recognition and respect for the rights of nature. Critical geographers argue that environmental justice is not simply an ideal, but rather a goal that can be achieved through collective action.

Decolonization in critical geography is understood as the process of ending colonialism, restoring indigenous sovereignty, and dismantling colonial power structures. Critical geographers argue that decolonization is not simply a historical process, but rather an ongoing struggle that is necessary for achieving social justice and environmental justice.

Solidarity in critical geography is understood as the feeling of unity and support among people, the practice of working together for a common cause, and the recognition and respect for difference. Critical geographers argue that solidarity is essential for achieving social justice and environmental justice.