Increased waterlogging, caused by poor drainage and excessive irrigation, leads to the accumulation of salts in the soil, resulting in soil salinization.

Dams and irrigation projects can improve soil structure by increasing soil moisture content and reducing soil compaction, which leads to better soil aeration and root development.

Increased soil erosion, caused by the removal of natural vegetation and changes in water flow patterns, leads to the loss of fertile topsoil and nutrients, resulting in reduced soil fertility.

Dams and irrigation projects can reduce soil biodiversity by altering soil moisture content, temperature, and nutrient availability, which can negatively impact soil microbial communities and other soil organisms.

Increased waterlogging, caused by poor drainage and excessive irrigation, leads to soil compaction due to the weight of the water and the reduction of soil pore space.

Dams and irrigation projects can reduce soil erosion by controlling water flow and reducing the erosive power of water, thereby protecting soil from being washed away.

Increased soil moisture content, resulting from irrigation and reduced drainage, can promote the growth of vegetation and increase the accumulation of organic matter in the soil.

Dams and irrigation projects can reduce soil biodiversity by altering soil moisture content, temperature, and nutrient availability, which can negatively impact soil microbial communities and other soil organisms.

Increased waterlogging, caused by poor drainage and excessive irrigation, leads to the accumulation of salts in the soil, resulting in soil salinization.

Dams and irrigation projects can improve soil structure by increasing soil moisture content and reducing soil compaction, which leads to better soil aeration and root development.

Increased soil erosion, caused by the removal of natural vegetation and changes in water flow patterns, leads to the loss of fertile topsoil and nutrients, resulting in reduced soil fertility.

Dams and irrigation projects can reduce soil biodiversity by altering soil moisture content, temperature, and nutrient availability, which can negatively impact soil microbial communities and other soil organisms.

Increased waterlogging, caused by poor drainage and excessive irrigation, leads to soil compaction due to the weight of the water and the reduction of soil pore space.

Dams and irrigation projects can reduce soil erosion by controlling water flow and reducing the erosive power of water, thereby protecting soil from being washed away.

Increased soil moisture content, resulting from irrigation and reduced drainage, can promote the growth of vegetation and increase the accumulation of organic matter in the soil.