The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is a prominent Indian astronomical facility that has played a crucial role in advancing the study of dark matter and the Hubble Constant. It is located near Pune, Maharashtra, and consists of an array of 30 fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes.

Indian astronomers primarily utilize the method of Galaxy Rotation Curves to study dark matter. By analyzing the rotation speeds of stars within galaxies, astronomers can infer the presence and distribution of dark matter, which is responsible for the observed discrepancies between the expected and observed rotation speeds.

Vikram Sarabhai, often regarded as the father of the Indian space program, made significant contributions to the study of the Hubble Constant and the expansion of the universe. His research helped establish the importance of accurate measurements of the Hubble Constant for understanding the age and evolution of the universe.

The Hubble Constant plays a crucial role in cosmology as it influences multiple aspects of the universe. It helps determine the age of the universe, affects the rate of expansion, and influences the formation and evolution of galaxies.

The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is actively engaged in the study of dark matter using gravitational lensing observations. Their research focuses on understanding the properties and distribution of dark matter through the analysis of gravitational lensing effects on distant galaxies.

Indian astronomers encounter several challenges in studying dark matter, including the lack of advanced observational facilities, limited access to international collaborations, and insufficient funding for research projects. These challenges hinder their ability to conduct comprehensive studies and contribute to the global understanding of dark matter.

The study of dark matter contributes to our understanding of the evolution of galaxies in various ways. It helps explain the formation of spiral arms, provides insights into the growth of galaxy clusters, and aids in understanding the dynamics of galaxy mergers.

Jayant Narlikar, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the development of the Lambda-CDM model of the universe. His research focused on understanding the role of dark matter and dark energy in shaping the structure and evolution of the universe.

Recent measurements suggest that the Hubble Constant is approximately 70 km/s/Mpc. This value is crucial for determining the age and expansion rate of the universe.

The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Uttarakhand, is equipped with a specialized instrument called the Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT). The HCT is used for studying the Hubble Constant through observations of distant supernovae.

The study of dark matter contributes to our understanding of galaxy formation in various ways. It helps explain the hierarchical assembly of galaxies, provides insights into the role of dark matter halos in galaxy formation, and aids in understanding the dynamics of galaxy interactions.

The Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru, Karnataka, is known for its research on the Hubble Constant using gravitational lensing techniques. Their studies focus on measuring the Hubble Constant through the analysis of gravitational lensing effects on distant galaxies.

The Hubble Constant plays a crucial role in determining the age of the universe. By knowing the value of the Hubble Constant, we can calculate the time since the Big Bang, estimate the distance to distant galaxies, and gain insights into the expansion rate of the universe.

The study of dark matter contributes to our understanding of the large-scale structure of the universe in various ways. It helps explain the formation of cosmic filaments and voids, provides insights into the dynamics of galaxy clusters, and aids in understanding the evolution of the cosmic web.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the study of dark matter using X-ray observations. His research focused on understanding the properties of dark matter and its role in shaping the structure and evolution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.