The change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time

The change in temperature per unit time

The change in pressure per unit time

The change in volume per unit time

Temperature

Concentration of reactants

Presence of a catalyst

Surface area of reactants

All of the above

An equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to temperature

An equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to concentration of reactants

An equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to presence of a catalyst

An equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to surface area of reactants

The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

The maximum amount of energy released by a chemical reaction

The energy difference between the reactants and products of a chemical reaction

The energy required to break the bonds of the reactants in a chemical reaction

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed

A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed

A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction

A substance that is produced in a chemical reaction

A homogeneous catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants, while a heterogeneous catalyst is in a different phase

A homogeneous catalyst is more effective than a heterogeneous catalyst

A heterogeneous catalyst is more effective than a homogeneous catalyst

A homogeneous catalyst is more expensive than a heterogeneous catalyst

A vessel in which a chemical reaction takes place

A device that is used to control the rate of a chemical reaction

A device that is used to measure the rate of a chemical reaction

A device that is used to separate the products of a chemical reaction

Batch reactors

Continuous reactors

Semi-batch reactors

All of the above

In a batch reactor, all of the reactants are added to the reactor at the beginning of the reaction, while in a continuous reactor, the reactants are added continuously

In a batch reactor, the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature, while in a continuous reactor, the temperature can be varied

In a batch reactor, the reaction is carried out at a constant pressure, while in a continuous reactor, the pressure can be varied

All of the above

In a semi-batch reactor, some of the reactants are added to the reactor at the beginning of the reaction, while the rest are added continuously

In a semi-batch reactor, the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature, while in a continuous reactor, the temperature can be varied

In a semi-batch reactor, the reaction is carried out at a constant pressure, while in a continuous reactor, the pressure can be varied

All of the above

The type of reaction

The reactants and products of the reaction

The rate of the reaction

The desired conversion of the reactants

The selectivity of the reaction

All of the above

To design and operate chemical reactors that produce the desired products in the most efficient and economical manner

To study the kinetics of chemical reactions

To develop new catalysts for chemical reactions

To develop new methods for separating the products of chemical reactions

Designing reactors that can handle high temperatures and pressures

Developing catalysts that are selective and active

Separating the products of a reaction from unreacted reactants

All of the above

The production of chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals

The refining of petroleum

The treatment of wastewater

The production of food and beverages

All of the above

The development of new catalysts that are more selective and active

The development of new reactor designs that are more efficient and economical

The development of new methods for separating the products of a reaction from unreacted reactants

The development of new methods for controlling the rate and selectivity of a reaction

All of the above