Soil testing is conducted to determine the soil's pH level, identify nutrient deficiencies, and assess overall soil health. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about fertilizer application and crop management.

Composite sampling is a widely used method for field crops. It involves collecting soil samples from multiple locations within a field and combining them to create a representative sample. This method provides an overall assessment of soil conditions in the field.

The ideal pH range for most crops is between 6.0 and 6.5. This range allows for optimal nutrient availability and plant growth. Deviations from this range can result in nutrient deficiencies or toxicities.

Sandy soils are prone to potassium deficiency due to their low cation exchange capacity and leaching potential. Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth and plays a crucial role in water regulation, photosynthesis, and starch synthesis.

Nitrogen is primarily responsible for stimulating vegetative growth in plants. It is essential for the production of chlorophyll, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are vital for cell division and tissue development.

Superphosphate is a common fertilizer used to provide phosphorus to crops. It is typically applied during the early stages of plant growth to promote root development and overall plant vigor.

Potassium plays a multifaceted role in plant growth. It regulates water balance, promotes photosynthesis, enhances disease resistance, and contributes to overall plant vigor and quality.

Lime is commonly used as a soil amendment to reduce soil acidity. It neutralizes acids in the soil, raising the pH level and making it more suitable for crop growth.

Magnesium is primarily involved in activating enzymes, which are essential for various metabolic processes in plants. It also plays a role in chlorophyll production, photosynthesis, and seed germination.

Ammonium sulfate is a common fertilizer used to provide sulfur to crops. It is typically applied to crops that have a high demand for sulfur, such as cruciferous vegetables and legumes.

Calcium plays a vital role in plant growth by promoting cell division, enhancing fruit quality, and strengthening cell walls. It also aids in nutrient uptake and translocation within the plant.

Organic matter, such as compost, manure, and crop residues, is commonly used to improve soil structure. It enhances soil aggregation, increases water-holding capacity, and promotes microbial activity.

Boron is primarily involved in promoting pollen germination and pollen tube growth. It also plays a role in cell wall formation, sugar transport, and nitrogen metabolism.

Zinc sulfate is a common fertilizer used to provide zinc to crops. It is typically applied to crops that are prone to zinc deficiency, such as corn, soybeans, and citrus trees.

Manganese plays a multifaceted role in plant growth by activating enzymes, promoting photosynthesis, enhancing disease resistance, and contributing to overall plant vigor.