Case Studies in Work and Organizational Psychology

Description: This quiz covers case studies in work and organizational psychology, exploring real-world scenarios and their implications for understanding human behavior in the workplace.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: work psychology organizational psychology case studies
Attempted 0/15 Correct 0 Score 0

In the Hawthorne Studies, what was the primary factor that led to increased productivity?

  1. Improved lighting

  2. Increased pay

  3. Enhanced supervision

  4. Worker participation and recognition


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Hawthorne Studies revealed that worker participation, attention, and recognition, rather than physical changes in the workplace, were the primary factors contributing to increased productivity.

Which theory suggests that employees are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization needs?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory

  4. Vroom's Expectancy Theory


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing to higher-level needs such as self-actualization.

What is the main focus of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

  1. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

  2. Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction

  3. Hygiene factors and motivators

  4. Equity and fairness in the workplace


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes between hygiene factors, which prevent dissatisfaction, and motivators, which lead to job satisfaction.

Which theory suggests that employees are motivated by the desire to achieve specific goals?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory

  4. Vroom's Expectancy Theory


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory proposes that individuals are motivated by a desire to achieve specific goals and excel in challenging situations.

What is the core concept of Vroom's Expectancy Theory?

  1. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

  2. Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction

  3. Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

  4. Equity and fairness in the workplace


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vroom's Expectancy Theory suggests that motivation is influenced by an individual's expectancy (belief that effort leads to performance), instrumentality (belief that performance leads to desired outcomes), and valence (value placed on those outcomes).

In the case of the Asch Conformity Experiments, what was the primary factor influencing participants' conformity to group pressure?

  1. Social norms and group dynamics

  2. Individual differences and personality traits

  3. Cultural values and beliefs

  4. Economic incentives and rewards


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Asch Conformity Experiments demonstrated that social norms and group dynamics play a significant role in influencing individuals' conformity to group pressure, even when their own beliefs differ.

Which theory suggests that individuals' attitudes and behaviors are influenced by their perceptions of fairness and equity in the workplace?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Adams' Equity Theory

  4. Vroom's Expectancy Theory


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Adams' Equity Theory proposes that individuals compare their inputs (efforts, skills, experience) and outcomes (rewards, recognition) to those of others, and adjust their attitudes and behaviors accordingly.

What is the primary focus of Tuckman's Team Development Model?

  1. Team formation and development stages

  2. Team conflict and resolution strategies

  3. Team communication and collaboration

  4. Team decision-making and problem-solving


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tuckman's Team Development Model describes the stages that teams typically go through as they form, develop, and mature, including forming, storming, norming, and performing.

Which theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of their pay?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Adams' Equity Theory

  4. Vroom's Expectancy Theory


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Adams' Equity Theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of their pay in relation to their inputs and the pay of others.

What is the main focus of the Job Characteristics Model?

  1. Task variety and autonomy

  2. Skill variety and task significance

  3. Task identity and feedback

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Job Characteristics Model proposes that job satisfaction and motivation are influenced by five core job characteristics: task variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

Which theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of their treatment by their organization?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Adams' Equity Theory

  4. Procedural Justice Theory


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Procedural Justice Theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of the procedures used to make decisions that affect them.

What is the primary focus of the Social Identity Theory?

  1. Group membership and self-categorization

  2. Social norms and conformity

  3. Intergroup conflict and prejudice

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Social Identity Theory proposes that individuals' self-concept is influenced by their membership in social groups, leading to social norms, conformity, intergroup conflict, and prejudice.

Which theory suggests that individuals' job performance is influenced by their ability, motivation, and opportunity?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Adams' Equity Theory

  4. The Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Model


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Model proposes that job performance is determined by the interaction of an individual's ability, motivation, and opportunity to perform the job.

What is the main focus of the Goal-Setting Theory?

  1. The importance of setting specific, challenging goals

  2. The role of feedback in goal achievement

  3. The impact of goal difficulty on performance

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Goal-Setting Theory proposes that specific, challenging goals lead to higher performance than vague or easy goals, and that feedback is essential for goal achievement.

Which theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of their pay in relation to their contributions?

  1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  2. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  3. Adams' Equity Theory

  4. Vroom's Expectancy Theory


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Adams' Equity Theory suggests that individuals' job satisfaction is influenced by their perceptions of the fairness of their pay in relation to their contributions and the pay of others.

- Hide questions