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Language Contact: Borrowing and Loanwords

Description: Language Contact: Borrowing and Loanwords
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: language contact borrowing loanwords historical linguistics
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What is the process by which a language incorporates elements from another language?

  1. Language Contact

  2. Language Borrowing

  3. Language Convergence

  4. Language Divergence

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Language borrowing is the process by which a language incorporates elements from another language, such as words, phrases, or grammatical structures.

What is a loanword?

  1. A word that is borrowed from another language

  2. A word that is created within a language

  3. A word that is used in multiple languages

  4. A word that is no longer used in a language

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language and incorporated into a new language.

What are some examples of loanwords in English?

  1. Sushi

  2. Karaoke

  3. Algebra

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sushi, karaoke, and algebra are all examples of loanwords in English. Sushi is a Japanese word, karaoke is a Japanese word, and algebra is an Arabic word.

What are some factors that contribute to language borrowing?

  1. Geographical proximity

  2. Cultural contact

  3. Trade and commerce

  4. Political and military power

  5. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Geographical proximity, cultural contact, trade and commerce, and political and military power are all factors that can contribute to language borrowing.

What are some of the consequences of language borrowing?

  1. Enrichment of vocabulary

  2. Simplification of grammar

  3. Increased complexity of grammar

  4. Loss of native words

  5. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Language borrowing can have a variety of consequences, including enrichment of vocabulary, simplification of grammar, increased complexity of grammar, and loss of native words.

What is the difference between a loanword and a calque?

  1. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

  2. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a calque is a word that is borrowed from another language and adapted to the phonology and grammar of the new language.

  3. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the meaning of a word from another language.

  4. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the structure of a word from another language.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

What is the difference between a loanword and a cognate?

  1. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a cognate is a word that is inherited from a common ancestor.

  2. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a cognate is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

  3. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a cognate is a word that is borrowed from another language and adapted to the phonology and grammar of the new language.

  4. A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a cognate is a word that is created within a language by translating the meaning of a word from another language.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language, while a cognate is a word that is inherited from a common ancestor.

What are some examples of calques in English?

  1. Head over heels

  2. Kick the bucket

  3. By and large

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Head over heels, kick the bucket, and by and large are all examples of calques in English.

What are some examples of cognates in English and Spanish?

  1. Mother and madre

  2. Father and padre

  3. Sister and hermana

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mother and madre, father and padre, and sister and hermana are all examples of cognates in English and Spanish.

What is the difference between a loan translation and a calque?

  1. A loan translation is a word that is borrowed from another language and translated directly into the new language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

  2. A loan translation is a word that is borrowed from another language and adapted to the phonology and grammar of the new language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the meaning of a word from another language.

  3. A loan translation is a word that is borrowed from another language and translated directly into the new language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the structure of a word from another language.

  4. A loan translation is a word that is borrowed from another language and translated directly into the new language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,D
Explanation:

A loan translation is a word that is borrowed from another language and translated directly into the new language, while a calque is a word that is created within a language by translating the elements of a word from another language.

What are some examples of loan translations in English?

  1. Kindergarten

  2. Schadenfreude

  3. Esprit de corps

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Kindergarten, schadenfreude, and esprit de corps are all examples of loan translations in English.

What are some of the challenges associated with studying language contact?

  1. The lack of written records

  2. The difficulty of identifying loanwords and calques

  3. The complexity of language change

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The lack of written records, the difficulty of identifying loanwords and calques, and the complexity of language change are all challenges associated with studying language contact.

What are some of the benefits of studying language contact?

  1. It can help us to understand the history of languages

  2. It can help us to understand the relationship between languages

  3. It can help us to understand the processes of language change

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Studying language contact can help us to understand the history of languages, the relationship between languages, and the processes of language change.

What are some of the most important theories of language contact?

  1. The substratum theory

  2. The superstratum theory

  3. The adstratum theory

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The substratum theory, the superstratum theory, and the adstratum theory are all important theories of language contact.

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