The primary goal of IPM in forestry is to minimize the impact of pests and diseases on forest health and productivity, rather than eradicating them completely or eliminating the use of chemical controls.

Applying chemical pesticides and fungicides is not a key component of IPM in forestry, as IPM emphasizes non-chemical methods and focuses on long-term pest and disease management strategies.

Biological control involves the introduction of natural enemies, such as predators, parasites, or pathogens, to control pest populations.

Thinning overcrowded stands reduces tree competition, improves tree vigor, and makes trees less susceptible to bark beetle attacks.

Bark beetles are the primary vector for the spread of Dutch elm disease, transmitting the fungal pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi from infected to healthy elm trees.

Sudden oak death is caused by the fungus Phytophthora ramorum and affects various tree species, including oaks and tanoaks.

Planting resistant tree species is the primary management strategy for controlling white pine blister rust, as it reduces the susceptibility of forests to the disease.

Spruce budworm is a major pest of conifer trees, causing extensive defoliation and economic losses in forestry.

Pathogen-mediated control involves the introduction of a pathogen, such as a virus or fungus, to control a pest population.

Improving soil drainage reduces soil moisture levels and makes it less favorable for root rot pathogens to thrive.

Moths are the primary vector for the spread of gypsy moth, as they can fly long distances and lay eggs on a variety of tree species.

White pine blister rust is caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola and affects white pines, causing stem cankers and growth reduction.

Mechanical control involves the use of physical or mechanical methods, such as trapping, barriers, or exclusion, to control pests.

Pruning infected branches removes mistletoe from trees, reducing the spread of the parasite and improving tree health.