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Legal Issues in Sports Gender Equality

Description: This quiz covers legal issues related to gender equality in sports, including landmark cases, legislation, and ongoing debates.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: sports law gender equality title ix equal pay act
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Which landmark case in 1972 established the principle of equal opportunity for women in education, including athletics?

  1. Brown v. Board of Education

  2. Roe v. Wade

  3. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

  4. Obergefell v. Hodges

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs, including athletics.

What is the primary goal of Title IX in the context of sports?

  1. To ensure equal funding for male and female athletic programs

  2. To guarantee equal opportunities for participation in sports for both sexes

  3. To mandate equal pay for male and female athletes

  4. To eliminate gender discrimination in sports scholarships

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Title IX aims to provide equal opportunities for participation in sports, regardless of gender.

Which federal law prohibits wage discrimination based on sex?

  1. The Equal Pay Act of 1963

  2. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

  3. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

  4. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Equal Pay Act prohibits employers from discriminating on the basis of sex in the payment of wages for equal work.

What was the outcome of the landmark case Braddock v. Braddock (1973), which challenged gender-based eligibility requirements for professional sports?

  1. The court upheld the gender-based eligibility requirements.

  2. The court struck down the gender-based eligibility requirements.

  3. The case was dismissed due to lack of standing.

  4. The case was settled out of court.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In Braddock v. Braddock, the court ruled that gender-based eligibility requirements for professional sports were unconstitutional.

Which international convention specifically addresses gender equality in sports?

  1. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

  2. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

  3. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

  4. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

CEDAW is an international treaty that aims to eliminate discrimination against women in all areas, including sports.

What is the primary focus of the Billie Jean King Act (2023)?

  1. To promote equal pay for male and female athletes

  2. To increase opportunities for women in sports leadership positions

  3. To combat sexual harassment and abuse in sports

  4. To provide funding for Title IX programs

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Billie Jean King Act aims to address the gender pay gap in sports by requiring equal pay for male and female athletes on national teams.

Which legal principle prohibits discrimination based on sex in employment, including sports?

  1. Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

  2. Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

  3. Commerce Clause of the Constitution

  4. Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Equal Protection Clause prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, including protection from discrimination based on sex.

What is the term used to describe the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in sports organizations?

  1. The glass ceiling

  2. The brass ceiling

  3. The concrete ceiling

  4. The iron ceiling

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The glass ceiling refers to the invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions in various fields, including sports.

Which international sports organization has a policy of gender equality in its constitution?

  1. The International Olympic Committee (IOC)

  2. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)

  3. The International Cricket Council (ICC)

  4. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The IOC's constitution includes a commitment to gender equality and non-discrimination.

What is the purpose of the Gender Equity in Sports Act (2023)?

  1. To increase funding for women's sports programs

  2. To establish a national commission on gender equity in sports

  3. To require equal media coverage for men's and women's sports

  4. To prohibit discrimination against transgender athletes

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Gender Equity in Sports Act aims to address gender inequality in sports by establishing a national commission to study and make recommendations on various aspects of gender equity in sports.

Which legal doctrine allows courts to review government actions for compliance with the Equal Protection Clause?

  1. Strict scrutiny

  2. Intermediate scrutiny

  3. Rational basis review

  4. De novo review

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Strict scrutiny is the most rigorous level of judicial review, used when a law or government action is challenged on the basis of a suspect classification, such as sex.

What is the term used to describe the practice of paying male and female athletes differently for the same work?

  1. Gender pay gap

  2. Wage discrimination

  3. Pay disparity

  4. Salary inequality

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The gender pay gap refers specifically to the difference in earnings between men and women for the same or similar work.

Which international sports federation has been criticized for its handling of transgender athletes?

  1. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)

  2. The International Swimming Federation (FINA)

  3. The International Tennis Federation (ITF)

  4. The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The IAAF has been criticized for its regulations on transgender athletes, which require them to take hormone therapy to reduce their testosterone levels in order to compete in women's events.

What is the primary goal of the Women in Sports Act (2023)?

  1. To increase opportunities for women in sports leadership positions

  2. To provide funding for Title IX programs

  3. To combat sexual harassment and abuse in sports

  4. To promote equal pay for male and female athletes

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Women in Sports Act aims to address the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in sports organizations.

Which legal principle prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs, including athletics?

  1. Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

  2. Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

  3. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

  4. Commerce Clause of the Constitution

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs, including athletics.

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