The Upanishads, part of the Vedas, contain profound insights into the unity of all existence and the interdependence of humans and the natural world.

Indian philosophy emphasizes the pursuit of spiritual liberation (moksha) as the highest goal, which involves realizing one's true nature and oneness with the universe.

Atman, often translated as 'soul' or 'self', represents the essential unity and interconnectedness of all living beings, transcending individual boundaries.

Indigenous knowledge systems rely on generations of accumulated knowledge passed down through oral traditions, cultural practices, and direct observations of the natural world.

Sustainable harvesting practices aim to maintain a harmonious relationship with the environment by ensuring the long-term viability of natural resources.

Indian philosophy emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with nature, respecting its inherent value and interconnectedness.

Animism, found in many indigenous cultures, attributes a spiritual essence or consciousness to natural objects and phenomena.

Indigenous knowledge systems prioritize the preservation of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecological balance, ensuring the long-term sustainability of ecosystems.

Dharma encompasses ethical conduct, moral obligations, and righteous living, guiding individuals' actions and responsibilities towards the environment.

Oral storytelling is a common method in indigenous cultures to pass down ecological knowledge, cultural values, and traditional practices from generation to generation.

Ahimsa, a central principle in Indian philosophy, emphasizes non-violence, compassion, and respect for all living beings.

Sacred grove conservation is a traditional practice in many indigenous cultures, where specific areas are designated as sacred and protected from human interference.

Maya refers to the illusion or veil that conceals the true nature of reality, often associated with the material world and its transient nature.

Traditional ecological knowledge management involves the application of indigenous knowledge and practices to sustainably manage and conserve natural resources.

Moksha, a central goal in Indian philosophy, refers to liberation from suffering, the cycle of rebirth, and the attainment of spiritual enlightenment.