Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness, loss of interest, and a lack of enjoyment in activities that were once pleasurable.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive worry and agitation that is difficult to control and interferes with daily functioning.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is characterized by a range of symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, hypervigilance, and an exaggerated startle response.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that cause significant distress and interfere with daily life.

Bipolar Disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings between mania (elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep) and depression (sadness, loss of interest, and fatigue).

Schizophrenia is characterized by delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), disorganized speech, and behavior, and impaired social and occupational functioning.

Major Depressive Disorder can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy (such as CBT), medication, and in severe cases, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, as it helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their anxiety.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy (such as Prolonged Exposure Therapy and EMDR), medication, and supportive therapies.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy (such as CBT with ERP), medication, and in some cases, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Bipolar Disorder is typically treated with a combination of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants, depending on the individual's symptoms and needs.

Antipsychotics are the primary treatment for Schizophrenia, as they help reduce the severity of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech and behavior.

Major Depressive Disorder can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors, including family history, personal history of trauma or abuse, and chronic medical conditions.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors, including family history, personality traits, and chronic stress.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors, including exposure to a traumatic event, family history of PTSD, and lack of social support.