Biosensors rely on the specific recognition and binding of biological molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, to their target analytes.

Immunosensors employ the specific binding between antigens and antibodies to detect and quantify target molecules.

Transducers in biomedical sensors convert biological signals, such as electrical, chemical, or mechanical signals, into measurable electrical signals.

Fluorescence biosensors employ FRET to detect and quantify target molecules based on changes in fluorescence intensity or emission wavelength.

Nanomaterials offer enhanced sensitivity, improved selectivity, and faster response times in biosensors due to their unique properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable physicochemical characteristics.

Optical biosensors based on SPR detect and quantify target molecules by monitoring changes in the refractive index at the sensor surface.

Microfluidic devices are commonly used in biomedical sensors for precise manipulation and control of small fluid volumes, enabling efficient sample preparation and analysis.

Enzymatic biosensors employ the specific interaction between enzymes and their substrates to detect and quantify target molecules.

Wireless technology in biomedical sensors offers reduced patient discomfort, enhanced portability, improved patient compliance, and increased flexibility in monitoring and data transmission.

Electrochemical biosensors based on EIS detect and quantify target molecules by monitoring changes in the impedance of the sensor electrode.

Implantable biomedical sensors face challenges related to biocompatibility, power consumption, data transmission, and long-term stability.

Piezoelectric biosensors based on QCM detect and quantify target molecules by monitoring changes in the resonant frequency of the quartz crystal.

Microfabrication techniques offer reduced cost, enhanced sensitivity, improved reproducibility, and increased miniaturization in the development of biosensors.

Chemiluminescent biosensors employ the emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction to detect and quantify target molecules.

Bioinformatics in the context of biomedical sensors and biosensors focuses on data analysis and interpretation to extract meaningful information and insights from the sensor data.