Melody is the primary means by which composers express emotions and ideas in music. It is the combination of pitch, rhythm, and articulation that creates a memorable and expressive tune.

A sequence is a melodic pattern that is repeated at different pitches. It is a common technique used to create a sense of movement and development in a melody.

A cadence is a progression of chords that creates a sense of resolution or closure. It is typically used at the end of a phrase or section of music.

Harmony is the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes. It is the combination of chords and chord progressions that creates a sense of richness and depth in music.

An interval is the relationship between the pitches of two or more notes. It is measured in half steps, and it determines the sound and character of a melody or harmony.

A scale is a set of pitches that are arranged in ascending or descending order. It is the foundation for melodies, harmonies, and chords.

An arpeggio is a broken chord played in a rapid succession of notes. It is a common technique used to add color and movement to a melody or harmony.

A riff is a short, repeated melodic phrase. It is often used to create a sense of groove or momentum in a song.

An ostinato is a repeated melodic or rhythmic pattern that underlies a piece of music. It is often used to create a sense of tension and release.

Texture is the overall sound and texture of a piece of music. It is determined by the combination of melody, harmony, rhythm, and instrumentation.

Composition is the process of creating a melody or harmony. It involves the selection and arrangement of notes, chords, and rhythms to create a musical piece.

Arrangement is the process of adapting a piece of music for a different instrument or ensemble. It involves the selection and arrangement of notes, chords, and rhythms to create a new version of the piece.

Production is the process of recording, editing, and mixing a piece of music. It involves the use of various recording and mixing techniques to create a final version of the piece.

Mixing is the process of adjusting the levels and frequencies of a piece of music. It involves the use of various mixing techniques to create a balanced and cohesive sound.

Mastering is the process of adding effects and enhancements to a piece of music. It involves the use of various mastering techniques to create a final version of the piece that is ready for distribution.