Kautilya believed that the primary goal of the state should be to promote the health and welfare of the citizens. He argued that a healthy and prosperous population is essential for the strength and stability of the state.

Charaka believed that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. He argued that these three components are interdependent and that one cannot be healthy without the other two.

Gandhi believed that the state has a responsibility to create a just and equitable society in which all citizens have access to basic necessities such as healthcare, education, and employment. He argued that this is essential for promoting the health and welfare of the population.

Dharma is a complex concept that has been interpreted in many different ways in Indian philosophy. However, at its core, dharma refers to the moral and ethical principles that govern human conduct. These principles are believed to be universal and eternal, and they apply to all human beings regardless of their social status, religion, or culture.

Dharma and health and welfare are interdependent. On the one hand, dharma provides the moral and ethical framework for promoting health and welfare. On the other hand, health and welfare are essential for fulfilling one's dharma. A person who is healthy and well-being is better able to fulfill their duties and obligations to others.

According to Indian political thought, the individual has a responsibility to follow the principles of dharma, to take care of their own health and well-being, and to help others who are in need. These three responsibilities are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.

India faces a number of challenges to promoting health and welfare, including poverty and inequality, lack of access to healthcare and education, environmental pollution, and climate change. These challenges are complex and interconnected, and they require a comprehensive and multi-pronged approach to address them.

The government can promote health and welfare in India by investing in healthcare and education, creating a just and equitable society, protecting the environment, and promoting sustainable development. These measures are essential for improving the lives of all Indians and for building a healthier and more prosperous future for the country.

Individuals can promote health and welfare in India by following the principles of dharma, taking care of their own health and well-being, helping others who are in need, and working together to create a more just and equitable society. These actions are essential for building a healthier and more prosperous future for all Indians.

The ultimate goal of health and welfare according to Indian political thought is to achieve moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth. This can be achieved by living a long and healthy life, contributing to the well-being of society, and following the principles of dharma. These three goals are interconnected and mutually reinforcing.