INS Sindhudhvaj was the first Indian research vessel to explore the deep seabed. It was launched in 1980 and has been used for various scientific expeditions, including the exploration of the Central Indian Ocean Basin.

Dr. S. Z. Qasim was the leader of the first Indian expedition to the deep seabed. He was a renowned marine biologist and oceanographer who made significant contributions to the study of the marine environment.

Arihant is the name of the first Indian submersible to reach the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. It was launched in 2016 and has been used for various scientific expeditions, including the exploration of the Central Indian Ocean Basin.

The Lakshadweep-Maldives Ridge is an undersea mountain range that runs along the western coast of India. It is a part of the Indian Ocean Ridge System and is formed by the divergence of the Indian and African tectonic plates.

The Ninetyeast Ridge is an undersea mountain range that runs along the eastern coast of India. It is a part of the Indian Ocean Ridge System and is formed by the divergence of the Indian and Australian tectonic plates.

The Diamantina Deep is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. It is located in the Wharton Basin, which is a part of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. The Diamantina Deep is about 8,047 meters deep.

Loki's Castle Hydrothermal Field is a hydrothermal vent field that was discovered in the Central Indian Ocean Basin in 2010. It is located on the Central Indian Ridge and is home to a variety of unique and exotic marine life.

The Central Indian Ocean Marine Protected Area is a marine protected area that was established in the Central Indian Ocean Basin in 2010. It is the largest marine protected area in the world and is home to a variety of unique and endangered marine life.

The International Seabed Authority is an international organization that is responsible for regulating deep-sea mining. It was established in 1994 and is headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica.

The Ministry of Earth Sciences is the Indian government agency that is responsible for regulating deep-sea mining. It is responsible for issuing licenses for deep-sea mining and for monitoring the environmental impact of deep-sea mining activities.

Deep-sea mining can have a variety of potential environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Habitat destruction can occur when mining activities disturb the seafloor and destroy the habitats of marine life. Pollution can occur when mining activities release harmful chemicals into the marine environment. Climate change can occur when mining activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Deep-sea mining can have a variety of potential economic benefits, including access to valuable minerals, job creation, and economic growth. Valuable minerals that can be found in the deep seabed include copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. Deep-sea mining can also create jobs in the mining industry and in related industries such as shipbuilding and transportation. Deep-sea mining can also contribute to economic growth by providing a new source of revenue for governments.

Deep-sea mining is associated with a variety of challenges, including technological challenges, environmental challenges, and economic challenges. Technological challenges include the need to develop new technologies for mining in the deep sea. Environmental challenges include the potential for habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Economic challenges include the high cost of deep-sea mining and the uncertainty of the economic benefits.

The future of deep-sea mining is uncertain. Some experts believe that deep-sea mining will become a major industry, while others believe that it will be limited to a few countries. Still others believe that deep-sea mining will be banned due to the potential environmental impacts. The future of deep-sea mining will depend on a variety of factors, including the development of new technologies, the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining, and the economic benefits of deep-sea mining.

A variety of measures can be taken to minimize the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining. These measures include developing new technologies for mining in the deep sea, establishing marine protected areas, and regulating deep-sea mining activities. New technologies can help to reduce the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining by minimizing habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Marine protected areas can help to protect marine life from the impacts of deep-sea mining. Regulating deep-sea mining activities can help to ensure that deep-sea mining is conducted in a responsible manner.