Algebraic Geometry is a branch of mathematics, not mathematical philosophy.

Gottlob Frege is widely regarded as the father of mathematical logic for his pioneering work on the foundations of mathematics and logic.

Intuitionism is a philosophical school of thought that emphasizes the role of intuition in mathematical knowledge and rejects the idea that mathematics is solely based on logic and formal proofs.

Axioms are a fundamental concept in formalist philosophy of mathematics, as they serve as the starting point for deductive reasoning and the construction of mathematical theories.

Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems are landmark results in mathematical logic, demonstrating the limitations of axiomatic systems and the impossibility of certain mathematical proofs within such systems.

Constructivism is a philosophical movement in mathematics that emphasizes the importance of constructing mathematical objects and concepts from basic principles, rather than relying on abstract or non-constructive methods.

The Principle of Mathematical Induction is a fundamental principle in mathematics that allows one to prove statements about all natural numbers by showing that the statement holds for the first natural number and that it implies itself for the successor of any natural number.

Structuralism is a philosophical approach to mathematics that emphasizes the importance of mathematical structures, such as groups, rings, and fields, and their relationships.

Bertrand Russell was a prominent philosopher and mathematician known for his work on the foundations of mathematics, including his development of type theory and his collaboration with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica.

Social Constructivism is a philosophical school of thought in mathematics that emphasizes the importance of mathematical practice and the role of mathematicians in creating mathematical knowledge through social interactions and cultural factors.

Proof by Contradiction is a fundamental principle in mathematics that allows one to prove a statement by assuming its negation and showing that this leads to a contradiction, thus establishing the truth of the original statement.

Ethnomathematics is a philosophical movement in mathematics that emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical and cultural context in which mathematical knowledge is produced, and the role of mathematics in different cultures and societies.

Saunders Mac Lane was a prominent mathematician known for his work on the foundations of mathematics, including his development of category theory, which provides a unified framework for studying algebraic structures and their relationships.

Aestheticism is a philosophical school of thought in mathematics that emphasizes the importance of mathematical beauty and elegance as criteria for evaluating mathematical theories, suggesting that these qualities can provide insights into the truth and value of mathematical knowledge.

Empiricism is a philosophical principle that states that a mathematical statement is true if and only if it can be verified through empirical observation, emphasizing the role of experience and sensory evidence in mathematical knowledge.