Biodiversity encompasses the entire spectrum of life forms, from microorganisms to complex organisms, and includes genetic variation within species.

Biodiversity supports a wide range of ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, pollination, water filtration, and many others, which are crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance.

Biodiversity loss typically leads to reduced ecosystem resilience, increased vulnerability to environmental changes, and disruption of food chains, not enhanced adaptability.

Keystone species exert a significant influence on their ecosystem despite their relatively low abundance, often playing a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem structure and function.

While natural disasters can impact biodiversity, they are not considered a primary driver of biodiversity loss compared to human activities such as habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species.

Ecosystem services encompass the various benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems, such as clean air, water, food, and pollination.

Elephants play a crucial role in shaping the African savanna ecosystem by creating and maintaining habitats for other species, influencing vegetation structure, and facilitating nutrient cycling.

Biodiversity loss often results in reduced food security as it disrupts ecosystem services essential for food production, such as pollination and nutrient cycling.

A trophic cascade describes the indirect effects of top predators on lower trophic levels, often resulting in cascading changes throughout the ecosystem.

Invasive species introduction typically leads to competition with native species, habitat modification, and the spread of diseases, not an increase in biodiversity.

Functional diversity encompasses the range of ecological functions performed by different species, contributing to ecosystem stability and resilience.

Pollination is a mutualistic relationship where plants benefit from the transfer of pollen by animals, while animals obtain nectar or pollen as a food source.

Ecosystem engineers are organisms that physically alter their environment, creating or modifying habitats that benefit other species.

Biodiversity does not directly reduce the risk of natural disasters, but it can contribute to ecosystem resilience, which may help mitigate the impacts of natural disasters.

Biodiversity hotspots are regions with an exceptionally high concentration of endemic species and are considered critical for global conservation efforts.