Aryabhata, in his book Aryabhatiya, proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis, and that the apparent daily motion of the Sun and stars is due to this rotation.

Bhaskara II, in his book Siddhānta Shiromani, calculated the value of pi to be 3.1416, which is accurate to four decimal places.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of solar eclipses, and explained that they are caused by the Moon passing between the Earth and the Sun.

Aryabhata, in his book Aryabhatiya, developed a theory of planetary motion that was later adopted by Copernicus. This theory proposed that the planets orbit the Sun, and that the Earth is one of the planets.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of lunar eclipses, and explained that they are caused by the Earth passing between the Moon and the Sun.

Brahmagupta, in his book Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the position of the planets using trigonometry. This method was later adopted by Arab and European astronomers.

Aryabhata, in his book Aryabhatiya, proposed that the Earth is round, and that it rotates on its axis. This idea was later adopted by other Indian astronomers, and eventually by European astronomers.

Bhaskara II, in his book Siddhānta Shiromani, developed a theory of gravity that was later adopted by Newton. This theory proposed that objects attract each other with a force that is proportional to their mass.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of comets, and explained that they are caused by the interaction of the Sun and the Moon.

Brahmagupta, in his book Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the time of sunrise and sunset. This method was later adopted by Arab and European astronomers.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of meteors, and explained that they are caused by the interaction of the Sun and the Moon.

Aryabhata, in his book Aryabhatiya, developed a method for calculating the distance to the Moon. This method was later adopted by other Indian astronomers, and eventually by European astronomers.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of aurora borealis, and explained that it is caused by the interaction of the Sun and the Moon.

Brahmagupta, in his book Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, developed a method for calculating the time of lunar eclipses. This method was later adopted by Arab and European astronomers.

Varāhamihira, in his book Brihat Samhita, observed and described the phenomenon of sunspots, and explained that they are caused by the interaction of the Sun and the Moon.