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Cross-Linguistic Patterns in Language Acquisition

Description: Cross-Linguistic Patterns in Language Acquisition
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: language universals language acquisition
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Which of the following is NOT a universal pattern in language acquisition?

  1. Children acquire language in a predictable sequence.

  2. Children's first words are typically nouns.

  3. Children learn to produce words before they learn to comprehend them.

  4. Children's language development is influenced by their environment.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

While children's language development is influenced by their environment, it is not a universal pattern in language acquisition. All children, regardless of their environment, acquire language in a predictable sequence, with their first words typically being nouns and their ability to produce words developing before their ability to comprehend them.

What is the term for the process by which children learn to map sounds to meanings?

  1. Phonological awareness

  2. Phonemic awareness

  3. Morphological awareness

  4. Syntactic awareness


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words. It is a crucial skill for learning to read and write.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy that children use to learn new words?

  1. Fast mapping

  2. Overextension

  3. Underextension

  4. Imitation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Imitation is not a strategy that children use to learn new words. Fast mapping, overextension, and underextension are all strategies that children use to learn new words.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are similar to those produced by children in other languages?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Interlanguage


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Interlanguage is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are similar to those produced by children in other languages. It is a result of the fact that children are learning the new language while still retaining some of the features of their native language.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of language acquisition?

  1. The child's age

  2. The child's exposure to language

  3. The child's cognitive abilities

  4. The child's personality


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The child's personality is not a factor that influences the rate of language acquisition. The child's age, exposure to language, and cognitive abilities are all factors that influence the rate of language acquisition.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are not similar to those produced by children in other languages?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Idiosyncratic errors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Idiosyncratic errors are grammatical errors that are not similar to those produced by children in other languages. They are unique to the individual child and may be due to a variety of factors, such as the child's cognitive abilities, personality, or language environment.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of universal grammar?

  1. It is innate.

  2. It is shared by all languages.

  3. It is based on principles and parameters.

  4. It is learned through experience.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Universal grammar is not learned through experience. It is innate and shared by all languages. It is based on principles and parameters that govern the structure of all languages.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are due to their incomplete knowledge of the language?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Developmental errors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Developmental errors are grammatical errors that are due to the child's incomplete knowledge of the language. They are a natural part of the language acquisition process and typically disappear as the child's knowledge of the language increases.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy that children use to learn grammar?

  1. Imitation

  2. Generalization

  3. Analogy

  4. Deduction


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deduction is not a strategy that children use to learn grammar. Imitation, generalization, and analogy are all strategies that children use to learn grammar.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are due to their overgeneralization of a rule?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Overgeneralization errors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Overgeneralization errors are grammatical errors that are due to the child's overgeneralization of a rule. For example, a child might say "goed" instead of "went" because they have overgeneralized the rule that past tense verbs end in "-ed".

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the order in which children acquire grammatical structures?

  1. The frequency of the structure in the input

  2. The complexity of the structure

  3. The child's cognitive abilities

  4. The child's personality


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The child's personality is not a factor that influences the order in which children acquire grammatical structures. The frequency of the structure in the input, the complexity of the structure, and the child's cognitive abilities are all factors that influence the order in which children acquire grammatical structures.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are due to their incomplete knowledge of the meaning of a word?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Semantic errors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Semantic errors are grammatical errors that are due to the child's incomplete knowledge of the meaning of a word. For example, a child might say "I goed to the store" instead of "I went to the store" because they do not know the meaning of the word "went".

Which of the following is NOT a strategy that children use to learn vocabulary?

  1. Fast mapping

  2. Overextension

  3. Underextension

  4. Memorization


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Memorization is not a strategy that children use to learn vocabulary. Fast mapping, overextension, and underextension are all strategies that children use to learn vocabulary.

What is the term for the phenomenon in which children produce grammatical errors that are due to their incomplete knowledge of the syntax of the language?

  1. Universal grammar

  2. Cross-linguistic influence

  3. Language transfer

  4. Syntactic errors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Syntactic errors are grammatical errors that are due to the child's incomplete knowledge of the syntax of the language. For example, a child might say "I goed to the store" instead of "I went to the store" because they do not know the correct word order for the sentence.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of vocabulary acquisition?

  1. The child's age

  2. The child's exposure to language

  3. The child's cognitive abilities

  4. The child's socioeconomic status


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The child's socioeconomic status is not a factor that influences the rate of vocabulary acquisition. The child's age, exposure to language, and cognitive abilities are all factors that influence the rate of vocabulary acquisition.

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