Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic relationship between a plant and a fungus, where the fungus helps the plant absorb water and nutrients from the soil, while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates.

Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, is essential for plant growth and development.

Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside a plant without causing harm. They can provide various benefits to the plant, such as protection against pathogens, drought tolerance, and enhanced nutrient uptake.

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease in plants. They can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, or nematodes, and they can infect plants through various means, such as wounds, stomata, or roots.

Allelopathy is the process by which plants release chemicals into the soil that can inhibit the growth of other plants. These chemicals can be released from roots, leaves, or other plant parts, and they can have a variety of effects on neighboring plants, such as reducing growth, germination, or seed production.

Decomposers are microorganisms that break down organic matter into simpler compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients. This process is essential for nutrient cycling in the ecosystem and helps to maintain soil fertility.

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which plants form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants, which is essential for plant growth and development.

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between plants and fungi. The fungus helps the plant absorb water and nutrients from the soil, while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates.

Pollination is the process by which plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can attract pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and moths. These VOCs help to attract pollinators to the plant, which is essential for sexual reproduction.

Pythium is a type of fungus that is responsible for causing damping-off disease in seedlings. This disease can cause the seedlings to rot and die, and it is a major problem in nurseries and greenhouses.

Volatilization is the process by which plants release chemicals into the air that can inhibit the growth of other plants. These chemicals can be released from leaves, flowers, or other plant parts, and they can have a variety of effects on neighboring plants, such as reducing growth, germination, or seed production.

Actinomycetes are a type of bacteria that can form symbiotic relationships with plants. These bacteria can help the plant absorb nutrients from the soil, and they can also produce antibiotics that can protect the plant from pathogens.

Facilitation is the process by which plants release chemicals into the soil that can stimulate the growth of other plants. These chemicals can be released from roots, leaves, or other plant parts, and they can have a variety of effects on neighboring plants, such as increasing growth, germination, or seed production.

Erysiphe is a type of fungus that is responsible for causing powdery mildew disease in plants. This disease can cause the leaves of plants to become covered in a white powdery substance, and it can reduce the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Fungistasis is the process by which plants release chemicals into the soil that can inhibit the growth of fungi. These chemicals can be released from roots, leaves, or other plant parts, and they can have a variety of effects on fungi, such as reducing growth, germination, or spore production.