Robots are designed to perform repetitive tasks with high precision and accuracy, often in hazardous or inaccessible environments.

Autonomous vehicles are self-driving cars, while the other options are all types of robots.

Articulated robots are widely used in manufacturing due to their flexibility and ability to reach a wide range of positions.

Power source is not a component of a robot, but rather a requirement for its operation.

Sensors are used to detect and measure physical quantities such as position, velocity, force, and temperature.

Agriculture is not a common application of robotics, although there are some emerging applications in this field.

Creating intelligent control algorithms is the primary challenge in developing autonomous robots, as it involves teaching the robot to make decisions and adapt to changing environments.

Flying is not a common type of robot locomotion, although there are some research projects in this area.

The robot controller is responsible for receiving input from sensors, processing data and making decisions, and sending commands to actuators.

Camera is not a type of robot end effector, although it can be used as a sensor.

Robot calibration is primarily performed to ensure accurate positioning of the robot's end effector.

Force control programming is not a common type of robot programming.

Robot safety standards are primarily designed to prevent accidents and protect human workers.

Mechanical communication is not a common type of robot communication.

All of the above challenges are encountered in the development of collaborative robots.