Assessment is primarily used to measure student learning, provide feedback, and motivate students. Punishment is not a valid purpose of assessment.

Formative assessment is used to provide feedback to students so that they can improve their learning. It is not used to measure achievement, make high-stakes decisions, or compare students to each other.

A portfolio of student work is an example of a formative assessment because it allows teachers to track student progress over time and provide feedback to students on their work.

Summative assessment is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program. It is used to make high-stakes decisions, such as whether a student should be promoted to the next grade or awarded a diploma.

A standardized achievement test is an example of a summative assessment because it is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program.

Assessment of learning is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program. Assessment for learning is used to provide feedback to students so that they can improve their learning.

A standardized achievement test is an example of assessment of learning because it is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program.

A portfolio of student work is an example of assessment for learning because it allows teachers to track student progress over time and provide feedback to students on their work.

The three main types of assessment are formative, summative, and diagnostic. Formative assessment is used to provide feedback to students so that they can improve their learning. Summative assessment is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program. Diagnostic assessment is used to identify students' strengths and weaknesses so that teachers can provide targeted instruction.

Objective assessment is based on facts and can be scored reliably by different raters. Subjective assessment is based on opinions and can be scored differently by different raters.

A multiple-choice test is an example of an objective assessment because it is based on facts and can be scored reliably by different raters.

A portfolio of student work is an example of a subjective assessment because it is based on opinions and can be scored differently by different raters.

Norm-referenced assessment compares students to each other to determine their relative standing in a group. Criterion-referenced assessment compares students to a set of standards to determine whether they have mastered the content.

A standardized achievement test is an example of a norm-referenced assessment because it compares students to each other to determine their relative standing in a group.

A portfolio of student work is an example of a criterion-referenced assessment because it compares students to a set of standards to determine whether they have mastered the content.