Aryabhata, a renowned mathematician from the 5th century CE, is widely recognized for his contributions to the development of the concept of zero.

Pingala, an ancient Indian mathematician from the 2nd century BCE, is credited with first describing the Fibonacci sequence in his work on prosody, the study of poetic meter.

Brahmagupta, a brilliant mathematician from the 7th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of negative numbers and establishing rules for their operations.

Aryabhata, in his treatise Aryabhatiya, introduced the decimal system, which revolutionized the way numbers were represented and calculated.

Aryabhata made significant contributions to trigonometry, introducing the sine and cosine functions and developing methods for calculating trigonometric ratios.

Baudhayana, an ancient Indian mathematician from the 8th century BCE, is credited with discovering the Pythagorean theorem, centuries before Pythagoras.

Brahmagupta introduced the concept of continued fractions, a method for representing rational numbers as an infinite series of fractions.

Pingala, in his work on prosody, described a triangular arrangement of numbers that is now known as Pascal's triangle.

Aryabhata introduced the concept of modular arithmetic, a system of arithmetic that operates on integers modulo a fixed number.

Bhaskara II developed the famous 'Bhaskara's equation', which is a cubic equation that has been extensively studied in mathematics.

Brahmagupta introduced the concept of magic squares, square grids filled with numbers such that the sums of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal are equal.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a brilliant mathematician from the 20th century, formulated the famous 'Ramanujan's conjecture', which relates the partition function to modular forms.

Srinivasa Ramanujan introduced the concept of Catalan numbers, a sequence of integers that arise in various combinatorial problems.

Srinivasa Ramanujan made significant contributions to the study of Gauss's hypergeometric function, a special function that arises in various areas of mathematics and physics.

Srinivasa Ramanujan introduced the concept of mock theta functions, a class of functions that share properties with theta functions but have distinct characteristics.