Mineralization is the process by which organic remains are replaced by minerals, typically silica, calcite, or pyrite, preserving their shape and structure.

Petrified fossils, also known as permineralized fossils, are formed when organic material is replaced by minerals, preserving the original structure and composition of the organism.

Trace fossils are fossilized evidence of an organism's behavior or activity, such as footprints, burrows, or feeding traces.

A cast is a fossil formed when a mold is filled with sediment or minerals, creating a replica of the original organism.

Coprolites are fossilized feces, providing valuable information about the diet and behavior of ancient organisms.

Fossilization is the process by which organic remains are preserved in the Earth's crust, forming fossils.

Mummified fossils are extremely rare, as conditions for their formation are very specific and require exceptional preservation.

Body fossils are the preserved remains or traces of an organism's hard parts, such as bones, teeth, or shells.

Soft-tissue fossils are exceptionally rare and provide valuable insights into the anatomy and appearance of ancient organisms.

Paleontology is the study of ancient life, including fossils, to understand Earth's history and evolution.

Oxygen levels do not directly affect the preservation of fossils, although they can influence the type of fossilization that occurs.

Amber fossils are formed when an organism's remains are trapped and preserved in tree resin, which hardens over time.

Ice fossils are formed when an organism's remains are preserved in ice, providing valuable information about ancient climates and ecosystems.

Tar fossils are formed when an organism's remains are trapped and preserved in tar, providing insights into ancient ecosystems and behavior.

Mummification is not a type of fossil preservation, but rather a process by which organic remains are preserved through dehydration and chemical treatment.