Financial stability aims to prevent financial crises by ensuring that the financial system is resilient to shocks and can withstand adverse economic conditions.

Systemic risk refers to the risk that the failure of a single financial institution or a specific financial market can lead to a widespread financial crisis, affecting the entire financial system and the broader economy.

Systemic risk can be caused by excessive leverage, asset bubbles, and the interconnectedness of financial institutions. Excessive leverage increases the vulnerability of financial institutions to shocks, asset bubbles can lead to sudden and sharp declines in asset prices, and interconnectedness can transmit shocks from one institution or market to others.

Financial regulators play a crucial role in maintaining financial stability by regulating the activities of financial institutions, ensuring that they have adequate capital and liquidity, and promoting transparency and accountability in the financial system.

Financial regulators use a variety of tools to maintain financial stability, including capital requirements, liquidity requirements, stress testing, and macroprudential policies. Capital requirements ensure that financial institutions have sufficient capital to absorb losses, liquidity requirements ensure that they have enough liquid assets to meet their obligations, stress testing assesses the resilience of financial institutions to adverse economic conditions, and macroprudential policies aim to address systemic risks by regulating the entire financial system.

The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that promotes financial stability by coordinating the work of national financial regulators and international standard-setting bodies. It is composed of central bank governors, finance ministers, and financial regulators from around the world.

The FSB's main objectives are to promote financial stability, enhance cooperation among financial regulators, and develop and promote financial regulatory standards. It works to identify and address systemic risks, promote financial market integrity, and improve the resilience of the global financial system.

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is an international standard-setting body for banking supervision. It is composed of central bank governors and supervisors from around the world. The BCBS develops and promotes prudential standards for banks, including capital requirements, liquidity requirements, and risk management practices.

The BCBS's main objectives are to promote the safety and soundness of banks, enhance cooperation among banking supervisors, and develop and promote prudential standards for banks. It works to strengthen the resilience of the global banking system and to prevent and mitigate financial crises.

The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) is an international body that promotes cooperation among securities regulators. It is composed of securities regulators from around the world. IOSCO develops and promotes standards for securities regulation, including standards for disclosure, market conduct, and enforcement.

IOSCO's main objectives are to promote cooperation among securities regulators, develop and promote standards for securities regulation, and facilitate the exchange of information among securities regulators. It works to protect investors, maintain fair and orderly markets, and reduce systemic risk.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an intergovernmental body that combats money laundering and terrorist financing. It is composed of governments from around the world. The FATF develops and promotes standards for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing, and it works to ensure that these standards are implemented effectively.

The FATF's main objective is to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. It works to prevent these activities, to detect and investigate them, and to prosecute those who engage in them. The FATF also works to promote cooperation among financial regulators and to develop and promote standards for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing.

The IMF plays a crucial role in promoting financial stability by providing financial assistance to countries in need, promoting economic growth and stability, and monitoring the global financial system. The IMF works to prevent and resolve financial crises, to promote sustainable economic growth, and to reduce poverty around the world.

The World Bank plays a significant role in promoting financial stability by providing financial assistance to developing countries, promoting economic growth and development, and supporting financial sector development. The World Bank works to reduce poverty, promote shared prosperity, and ensure sustainable development.