Water quality assessment encompasses a wide range of objectives, including determining the suitability of water for various uses, detecting and monitoring pollutants, and assessing the impact of human activities on water quality.

pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity are all important parameters measured in water quality assessment to evaluate the overall health and quality of water.

Measuring pH in water quality assessment serves multiple purposes, including determining the acidity or alkalinity of water, assessing the suitability of water for aquatic life, and detecting the presence of pollutants.

Dissolved oxygen is crucial in water quality assessment as it indicates the amount of oxygen available for aquatic organisms, helps assess the health of aquatic ecosystems, and can indicate the presence of organic pollutants.

Higher turbidity generally indicates poorer water quality as it can be caused by suspended solids, algae, or other particles that can interfere with light penetration and impact aquatic life.

In-situ sensors are widely used for continuous monitoring of water quality parameters as they provide real-time data and can be deployed directly in water bodies.

Remote sensing offers several advantages for water quality assessment, including large-scale monitoring, data collection over time, and the ability to detect pollutants that are not visible to the naked eye.

Water quality modeling is used to predict the impact of human activities, assess the effectiveness of water treatment processes, and design water quality management strategies.

Citizen science plays a vital role in water quality monitoring by involving non-experts, collecting data from remote areas, and raising awareness about water quality issues.

Heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals are all common pollutants found in water bodies due to various human activities.

Microplastics can originate from various sources, including industrial wastewater, personal care products, and synthetic clothing.

Nutrient pollution, primarily caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to eutrophication, algal blooms, and depletion of dissolved oxygen levels, negatively impacting water quality.

Activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation are all commonly used technologies for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Water quality standards are established to protect human health, aquatic ecosystems, and ensure the suitability of water for various uses.

The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and Global Environment Facility (GEF) all play significant roles in coordinating global efforts in water quality monitoring and assessment.