Wilhelm Wundt is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, and is considered the father of cognitive psychology.

Perception is the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Sensory memory is not a type of memory, but rather a temporary storage of sensory information.

Retrieval is the mental process of retrieving information from memory.

Hindsight bias is not a type of cognitive bias, but rather a tendency to believe that an event was more predictable than it actually was.

Max Wertheimer is considered the father of Gestalt psychology, a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of studying the whole rather than the parts.

Problem-solving is the mental process of solving problems.

Algorithm is not a type of problem-solving strategy, but rather a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.

Decision-making is the mental process of making decisions.

Confirmation bias is not a type of decision-making bias, but rather a cognitive bias that leads people to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs.

Michael Posner is considered the father of cognitive neuroscience, a field that studies the relationship between brain activity and cognitive processes.

Metacognition is the mental process of thinking about thinking.

Debugging is not a type of metacognitive strategy, but rather a process of finding and fixing errors in a computer program.

Consciousness is the mental process of being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Non-conscious consciousness is not a type of consciousness, but rather a state of mind in which a person is not aware of their own thoughts, feelings, or experiences.