The left ventricle is the largest chamber of the heart and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

Stenosis refers to the abnormal narrowing of heart valves, which can obstruct blood flow.

Chest pain is a common symptom of heart attack, often described as a feeling of pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest.

The sinoatrial node (SA node) is responsible for initiating heart contractions and setting the heart rate.

Cardiac catheterization involves injecting a contrast agent into the heart's blood vessels to visualize them and assess their function.

Cardiomyopathy refers to the condition in which the heart muscle is weakened and enlarged, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively.

Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast heart rate, typically exceeding 100 beats per minute.

Regurgitation refers to the condition in which the heart valves do not close properly, causing blood to leak backward.

Echocardiogram involves using sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to assess its structure and function.

Ischemia refers to the condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood supply, often leading to chest pain or discomfort.

High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking are all common risk factors for heart disease.

Infarction refers to the condition in which the heart muscle is damaged due to lack of blood supply, commonly known as a heart attack.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) involves bypassing a blocked coronary artery with a healthy blood vessel to improve blood flow to the heart.

Arrhythmia refers to the condition in which the heart beats irregularly or too fast or too slow.

Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are all common medications used to lower blood pressure.