Task-based parallelism involves dividing the workload into independent tasks that can be executed concurrently. Data-based parallelism involves distributing data across multiple processing units and performing operations on the data in parallel. Hybrid parallelism combines both task-based and data-based parallelism.

Parallel and distributed computing enables the execution of computationally intensive graphics tasks concurrently, resulting in improved performance and scalability. This allows for the processing of larger datasets, more complex algorithms, and higher-resolution images in a shorter amount of time.

OpenMP is a shared memory programming model that supports multi-threading on a single machine. MPI is a message-passing programming model that enables communication and data exchange between processes on different machines. CUDA is a parallel programming model specifically designed for NVIDIA GPUs.

A render farm is a network of computers that work together to render large and complex scenes. Each computer in the render farm is assigned a portion of the scene to render, and the results are combined to create the final image.

Load balancing involves distributing the workload evenly across multiple processing units to ensure efficient utilization of resources. Data communication overhead refers to the time and resources required to exchange data between processing units. Synchronization and coherence are important for ensuring that multiple processing units work together in a coordinated manner and that the results are consistent.

Ray tracing is a technique used in computer graphics to simulate the physical behavior of light. It involves tracing the path of light rays through a scene, taking into account interactions with objects and surfaces, to generate realistic shadows, reflections, and global illumination effects.

Spatial subdivision, octree decomposition, and BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) are all techniques used to parallelize ray tracing algorithms. These techniques divide the scene into smaller regions or volumes, allowing different processing units to work on different parts of the scene concurrently.

A light transport algorithm is a method for simulating the transfer of light through a scene. It takes into account the interaction of light with objects and surfaces, including absorption, reflection, and scattering, to generate realistic shadows, reflections, and global illumination effects.

Path tracing, Monte Carlo integration, and bidirectional path tracing are all techniques used to parallelize light transport algorithms. These techniques involve tracing the paths of light rays through a scene, taking into account interactions with objects and surfaces, to generate realistic shadows, reflections, and global illumination effects.

A particle system is a collection of small objects that move and interact with each other. Particle systems are often used to simulate fluid dynamics and other physical phenomena, such as smoke, fire, and water. They can also be used to generate realistic animations of hair, fur, and other complex objects.

Spatial hashing, octree decomposition, and Barnes-Hut approximation are all techniques used to parallelize particle systems. These techniques divide the scene into smaller regions or volumes, allowing different processing units to work on different parts of the scene concurrently.

A collision detection algorithm is a method for detecting when two objects in a scene collide. Collision detection algorithms are used to prevent objects from penetrating each other, to calculate the distance between two objects, and to generate realistic animations of collisions.

Spatial subdivision, octree decomposition, and BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) are all techniques used to parallelize collision detection algorithms. These techniques divide the scene into smaller regions or volumes, allowing different processing units to work on different parts of the scene concurrently.

A physics engine is a software tool for simulating the physical behavior of objects in a scene. Physics engines use a variety of algorithms to calculate forces and motion, and they can be used to create realistic animations of physical phenomena such as gravity, collisions, and fluid dynamics.

Spatial subdivision, octree decomposition, and BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) are all techniques used to parallelize physics engines. These techniques divide the scene into smaller regions or volumes, allowing different processing units to work on different parts of the scene concurrently.