Solidification involves mixing hazardous waste with a solidifying agent to form a solid, stable mass, reducing its mobility and potential for leaching.

Chemical treatment methods aim to transform hazardous waste into less toxic or non-hazardous substances through chemical reactions.

Deep-well injection is a disposal method where hazardous waste is injected into deep geological formations, typically below drinking water aquifers, for permanent storage.

Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to break down and degrade organic contaminants in hazardous waste, converting them into less harmful substances.

Portland cement is frequently used as a solidification agent due to its ability to bind hazardous waste components and form a stable, solid matrix.

Incineration involves burning hazardous waste at high temperatures, resulting in the destruction of organic contaminants and the conversion of waste into ash and gases.

Landfilling is a common disposal method where hazardous waste is placed in specially designed and engineered landfills, which are equipped with measures to prevent the release of contaminants into the environment.

Vitrification involves melting hazardous waste at extremely high temperatures, resulting in the immobilization of waste components within a stable glass matrix.

Neutralization involves adding a base to acidic hazardous waste to raise its pH, converting it into a less corrosive and more stable form.

Encapsulation involves coating or enclosing hazardous waste with a protective barrier to prevent the release of contaminants into the environment.

Above-ground storage involves placing hazardous waste in secure, engineered facilities above ground, typically for temporary storage or prior to further treatment or disposal.

Plasma arc technology utilizes high-temperature plasma to break down and destroy organic contaminants in hazardous waste, converting them into less harmful substances.

Filtration involves passing hazardous waste through a filter medium to separate solid particles or suspended matter from the liquid waste.

Solidification/stabilization involves mixing hazardous waste with a solidifying or stabilizing agent to reduce its mobility and potential for leaching.

Chemical oxidation involves adding an oxidizing agent to hazardous waste to convert organic contaminants into less harmful or non-hazardous substances.