Asteroseismology, the study of stellar pulsations, is the primary method used to probe the internal structure of white dwarfs.

White dwarfs typically exhibit pulsation periods ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes.

Convection, the transport of heat by the movement of fluid, is the primary mechanism driving pulsations in white dwarfs.

Asteroseismology of white dwarfs allows us to determine their mass, radius, internal composition, magnetic field strength, and rotation rate.

White dwarf asteroseismology contributes to our understanding of stellar evolution, the properties of compact objects, and tests theories of stellar structure and evolution.

White dwarf asteroseismology faces challenges such as low signal-to-noise ratio, contamination from other sources, and limited observational data.

The Kepler Space Telescope provided valuable data for white dwarf asteroseismology, enabling the detection and analysis of pulsations in a large number of white dwarfs.

In general, higher pulsation frequency in white dwarfs corresponds to a denser core.

White dwarfs typically have masses ranging from 0.1 to 1.4 solar masses.

The Chandrasekhar limit is approximately 1.4 solar masses, representing the maximum mass a white dwarf can support without undergoing a catastrophic collapse.

White dwarfs typically have surface temperatures ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 Kelvin.

White dwarfs primarily rely on residual heat from their previous stages of stellar evolution as their energy source.

The ultimate fate of a white dwarf is to cool and eventually become a black dwarf, a cold, dark remnant of a star.

White dwarf asteroseismology contributes to our understanding of the formation and evolution of white dwarfs, constrains the initial mass of the progenitor star, and allows us to test theories of stellar structure and evolution.