Surgical navigation aims to provide surgeons with real-time guidance during surgery by overlaying preoperative images onto the surgical field.

Augmented reality (AR) is commonly used for surgical navigation as it allows surgeons to visualize preoperative images superimposed onto the surgical field in real-time.

Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used for surgical navigation as they provide detailed cross-sectional images of the surgical site.

Surgical navigation assists surgeons by overlaying preoperative images onto the surgical field, allowing them to visualize the underlying anatomy and structures in real-time.

The main advantage of using surgical navigation during surgery is improved accuracy and precision, as it allows surgeons to visualize the surgical site in real-time and make more informed decisions.

Surgical navigation has some limitations, including high cost of equipment, steep learning curve for surgeons, and potential for technical errors.

Ultrasound tracking systems are not typically used for surgical navigation as they are not as accurate as other tracking systems.

Preoperative planning plays a crucial role in surgical navigation by creating a 3D model of the surgical site, identifying critical structures and potential risks, and determining the best surgical approach.

Surgical navigation contributes to patient safety by reducing the risk of complications, improving the accuracy and precision of surgical procedures, and enabling minimally invasive surgery.

Surgical navigation has the potential to be used in remote surgery, robotic surgery, personalized surgery, and other innovative surgical techniques in the future.

Surgical navigation can lead to reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and lower risk of infection, but it may also increase the cost of surgery due to the specialized equipment and technology required.

Computer-aided design (CAD) plays a role in surgical navigation by creating a 3D model of the surgical site, simulating the surgical procedure, and generating a surgical plan.

Surgical navigation assists surgeons in performing minimally invasive surgery by providing a clear view of the surgical site, reducing the need for large incisions, and enabling surgeons to reach difficult-to-access areas.

The implementation of surgical navigation in clinical practice faces challenges such as high cost of equipment and technology, steep learning curve for surgeons, and potential for technical errors.

The accuracy of surgical navigation systems can be improved by using more precise tracking technologies, improving the quality of preoperative imaging data, and developing more sophisticated algorithms for image processing.