The Rigveda is the oldest of the four Vedas, and it contains hymns and prayers that mention mathematical concepts such as numbers, geometry, and arithmetic.

Aryabhata was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in the 5th century CE. He is known for his work on number theory, algebra, and astronomy.

Lilavati is a mathematical treatise written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century CE. It contains solutions to various mathematical problems, including problems related to arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and astronomy.

Madhava of Sangamagrama was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in the 14th century CE. He is known for his work on calculus, and he is considered to be one of the founders of calculus.

Ashtadhyayi is a grammatical treatise written by Panini in the 4th century BCE. It describes the structure of the Sanskrit language and is considered to be one of the most important works on linguistics.

Robert Caldwell was a British missionary and linguist who lived in the 19th century CE. He is known for his work on Dravidian languages, and he is considered to be one of the founders of Dravidian linguistics.

Hindi is the official language of India and is spoken by the largest number of people in the country.

Sanskrit is a classical Indian language that is known for its rich vocabulary and literature. It is the language of the Vedas and is considered to be a sacred language by Hindus.

Tamil is a Dravidian language that is spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is also spoken in parts of Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Singapore.

Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken in the state of West Bengal in India. It is also spoken in parts of Bangladesh and Nepal. Bengali is known for its unique script, which is different from the scripts of other Indian languages.

Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is also spoken in parts of Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.

Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is also spoken in parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana. Rajasthani is known for its rich folk literature, which includes folk tales, songs, and ballads.

Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken in the state of Punjab in India. It is also spoken in parts of Pakistan, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Punjabi is known for its rich music and dance traditions.

Telugu is a Dravidian language that is spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is also spoken in parts of Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Telugu is known for its unique vocabulary related to agriculture, which reflects the importance of agriculture in the region.

Malayalam is a Dravidian language that is spoken in the state of Kerala in India. It is also spoken in parts of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Malayalam is known for its rich literature and poetry.