Bioprinting encompasses various techniques that involve layering bioink, direct cell printing, and scaffold-based tissue engineering to create 3D structures.

Inkjet bioprinting employs a continuous stream of bioink droplets to construct 3D structures.

Laser-induced forward transfer offers high resolution and precision in bioprinting, enabling the creation of intricate structures.

Stereolithography utilizes a light-activated polymerization process to selectively cure layers of bioink, resulting in the formation of 3D structures.

Fused deposition modeling bioprinting employs thermoplastic polymers as the primary material, which are melted and extruded to create 3D structures.

Drop-on-demand bioprinting employs a rotating nozzle to dispense precise droplets of bioink, enabling the creation of high-resolution structures.

Extrusion-based bioprinting offers rapid printing speed, allowing for the efficient fabrication of large-scale structures.

Stereolithography employs a laser to selectively cure layers of bioink, resulting in the formation of 3D structures.

Selective laser sintering bioprinting utilizes metal powders as the primary material, which are selectively melted and fused to create 3D structures.

Electron beam melting bioprinting employs an electron beam to selectively melt and fuse metal powders, resulting in the formation of 3D structures.

Bioprinting offers several advantages over traditional tissue engineering techniques, including the ability to create complex and intricate structures, precise control over cell placement and organization, and rapid fabrication of tissues and organs.

Inkjet bioprinting is commonly used for printing cell-laden hydrogels due to its ability to precisely dispense droplets of bioink containing cells and biomaterials.

Bioprinting vascularized tissues poses several challenges, including the lack of suitable bioinks, difficulty in creating perfusable networks, and poor cell viability and function.

Fused deposition modeling is commonly used for printing scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration due to its ability to create complex and porous structures with high mechanical strength.

Bioprinting offers several advantages for drug testing and development, including the ability to create patient-specific models, high throughput and automation, and reduced animal testing.