To develop and evaluate psychological tests and measurements.

To study the behavior of individuals in different situations.

To understand the cognitive processes underlying human behavior.

To diagnose and treat mental disorders.

Reliability

Validity

Normality

Skewness

Internal consistency refers to the agreement among different items within a test, while inter-rater reliability refers to the agreement among different raters assessing the same individual.

Internal consistency refers to the agreement among different raters assessing the same individual, while inter-rater reliability refers to the agreement among different items within a test.

Both internal consistency and inter-rater reliability refer to the agreement among different raters assessing the same individual.

Both internal consistency and inter-rater reliability refer to the agreement among different items within a test.

To ensure that a test measures what it is intended to measure.

To determine the reliability of a test.

To establish norms for a test.

To identify potential biases in a test.

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Cronbach's alpha

Guttman split-half coefficient

A norm-referenced test compares an individual's performance to the performance of a normative group, while a criterion-referenced test compares an individual's performance to a predetermined standard.

A norm-referenced test compares an individual's performance to a predetermined standard, while a criterion-referenced test compares an individual's performance to the performance of a normative group.

Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to a predetermined standard.

Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to the performance of a normative group.

To identify items that are not functioning properly.

To determine the difficulty level of items.

To establish norms for a test.

To calculate the reliability of a test.

Likert scale

Guttman scale

Thurstone scale

All of the above

To identify the underlying dimensions or factors that explain the relationships among a set of variables.

To determine the reliability of a test.

To establish norms for a test.

To calculate the validity of a test.

Principal component analysis

Correspondence analysis

Cluster analysis

Discriminant analysis

To test hypotheses about the relationships among latent variables.

To determine the reliability of a test.

To establish norms for a test.

To calculate the validity of a test.

Intelligence

Personality

Attitude

All of the above

To combine the results of multiple studies to obtain a more precise estimate of an effect size.

To determine the reliability of a test.

To establish norms for a test.

To calculate the validity of a test.

Fixed-effects model

Random-effects model

Moderator analysis

All of the above

To develop and improve psychological tests and measurements.

To understand the psychological processes underlying human behavior.

To diagnose and treat mental disorders.

To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions.