Thomas Nagel is known for his theory of qualia, which argues that subjective conscious experiences are irreducible to physical properties.

Emergentism is the idea that consciousness is an emergent property of complex physical systems, meaning that it arises from the interactions of simpler physical components.

Alfred North Whitehead argued that consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe, rather than an emergent property, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Physicalism is the idea that consciousness is a product of the brain's activity, meaning that it is reducible to physical properties.

Daniel Dennett argued that consciousness is an illusion created by the brain, meaning that it is not a real phenomenon.

Dualism is the idea that consciousness is a non-physical entity that interacts with the physical world, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Andy Clark argued that consciousness is a product of the interactions between the brain and the environment, meaning that it is not solely determined by the brain's activity.

Functionalism is the idea that consciousness is a product of the interactions between different parts of the brain, meaning that it is not reducible to specific physical properties.

Ned Block argued that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to represent information, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Information Processing Theory is the idea that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to process information, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Shaun Gallagher argued that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to create mental models of the world, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Simulation Theory is the idea that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to simulate the world, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Bernard Baars argued that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to create a unified representation of the world, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Global Workspace Theory is the idea that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to create a global workspace of information, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.

Antonio Damasio argued that consciousness is a product of the brain's ability to create a narrative of the self, meaning that it is not reducible to physical properties.